Methods and systems to control exhaust gas recirculation

1. A system, comprising:

an engine comprising an exhaust-gas-recirculation (EGR) valve that recirculates a portion of a exhaust gas, generated by the engine, within the engine;

a data repository that stores a first look up table and one or more engine operational parameters;

an engine control unit operationally coupled to the engine and the data repository, wherein the engine control unit is configured to:

determine a desired EGR flow rate reference of the portion of the exhaust gas based on the one or more engine operational parameters and the first look up table;

determine a current estimated EGR flow rate based on the one or more engine operational parameters;

determine a delta EGR flow rate based on a current amount of NOx emissions and a desired amount of NOx emissions;

determine a designated corrected EGR flow rate reference based on the desired EGR flow rate reference and the delta EGR flow rate, wherein the delta EGR flow rate is used to correct the desired EGR flow rate reference to account for the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions;

determine EGR flow rate error based on the current estimated EGR flow rate and the designated corrected EGR flow rate reference;

determine a percentage opening of the EGR valve based at least on the EGR flow rate error; and

control the EGR valve to achieve the percentage opening of the EGR valve.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first look up table comprises a table or a function that relates the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired EGR flow rate reference, however does not take into account the current NOx emissions from the engine.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the desired EGR flow rate reference by mapping the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired EGR flow rate reference using the first look up table.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the designated corrected EGR flow rate reference by subtracting the delta EGR flow rate from the desired EGR flow rate reference.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the data repository further stores a second look up table and an IMAP-look-up-table.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the engine control unit is further configured to:

receive the current amount of NOx emissions;

determine the desired amount of NOx emissions from the engine based on the second look up table and the one or more engine operational parameters;

determine a NOx error based on the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions; and

determine the delta EGR flow rate based on the NOx error.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the second look up table comprises a function that relates the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired amount of NOx emissions from the engine.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the desired amount of NOx emissions by mapping the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired amount of NOx emissions using the second look up table.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to control the EGR valve to achieve the percentage opening of the EGR valve resulting in the desired amount of NOx emissions and a desired amount of formation of particulate matter.

10. A system, comprising:

an engine comprising:

an exhaust-gas-recirculation (EGR) valve that recirculates a portion of exhaust gas, generated by the engine, within the engine;

an inlet manifold comprising air-fuel-exhaust mixture characterized by a pressure (IMAP);

a data repository that stores an IMAP-look-up-table and one or more engine operational parameters;

an engine control unit operationally coupled to the engine and the data repository, wherein the engine control unit is configured to:

determine a desired IMAP reference based on the one or more engine operational parameters and the IMAP look up table;

determine a current estimated IMAP in the inlet manifold based on the one or more engine operational parameters;

determine a delta IMAP based on a current amount of NOx emissions and a desired amount of NOx emissions;

determine a designated corrected IMAP reference based on the desired IMAP reference and the delta IMAP, wherein the delta IMAP is used to correct the desired IMAP reference to account for the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions;

determine an IMAP error based on the current estimated IMAP and the designated corrected IMAP reference;

determine a percentage opening of the EGR valve based at least on the IMAP error; and

control the EGR valve to achieve the percentage opening of the EGR valve.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the IMAP-look-up-table comprises a table or a function that relates the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired IMAP reference.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the desired IMAP reference by mapping the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired IMAP reference using the IMAP-look-up-table.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the designated corrected IMAP reference by subtracting the delta IMAP from the desired IMAP reference.

14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the data repository further stores a second look up table comprising a function or a table that relates the one or more engine operational parameters to a desired amount of NOx emissions from the engine.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the engine control unit is further configured to:

receive the current amount of NOx emissions;

determine the desired amount of NOx emissions from the engine based on the second look up table and the one or more engine operational parameters;

determine a NOx error based on the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions; and

determine the delta IMAP based on the NOx error.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to determine the desired amount of NOx emissions by mapping the one or more engine operational parameters to the desired amount of NOx emissions using the second look up table.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the engine control unit is further configured to control the EGR valve to achieve the percentage opening of the EGR valve resulting in the desired amount of NOx emissions and a desired amount of formation of particulate matter.

18. A system, comprising:

an engine comprising:

an exhaust-gas-recirculation (EGR) valve that recirculates a portion of exhaust gas, generated by the engine, within the engine;

an inlet manifold comprising air-fuel-exhaust mixture characterized by a pressure (IMAP);

a data repository that stores a first look up table, an IMAP-look-up-table and one or more engine operational parameters;

an engine control unit operationally coupled to the engine and the data repository, wherein the engine control unit is configured to:

select between an IMAP process and an EGR process based on one or more factors;

determine a percentage opening of the EGR valve by executing the IMAP process or the EGR process after selection of the IMAP process or the EGR process,

control the EGR valve to achieve the percentage opening of the EGR valve, wherein the IMAP process comprises:

determining a desired IMAP reference based on the one or more engine operational parameters and the IMAP-look-up-table;

determining a current estimated IMAP in the inlet manifold based on the one or more engine operational parameters;

determining a delta IMAP based on a current amount of NOx emissions and a desired amount of NOx emissions;

determining a designated corrected IMAP reference based on the desired IMAP reference and the delta IMAP, wherein the delta IMAP is used to correct the desired IMAP reference to account for the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions; and

determining an IMAP error based on the current estimated IMAP and the designated corrected IMAP reference,

wherein the EGR process comprises determining a designated corrected EGR flow rate reference based on a delta EGR flow rate, wherein the delta EGR flow rate is used to correct a desired EGR flow rate reference to account for the current amount of NOx emissions and the desired amount of NOx emissions.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the one or more factors comprise a user preference, error resilience, operational condition of one or more sensors installed on or inside the engine or components of the engine, or combinations thereof.

20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the engine control unit is configured to execute the EGR process after selection of the EGR process, wherein the EGR process further comprises:

determining the desired EGR flow rate reference of the portion of the exhaust gas based on the one or more engine operational parameters and the first look up table;

determining a current estimated EGR flow rate based on the one or more engine operational parameters;

determining the designated corrected EGR flow rate reference based on the desired EGR flow rate reference and delta EGR flow rate;

determining EGR flow rate error based on the current estimated EGR flow rate and the designated corrected EGR flow rate; and

determining a percentage opening of the EGR valve based at least on the EGR flow rate error.