Electrolyte formulations for lithium ion batteries
View Patent ↗Electrolyte solutions including additives or combinations of additives that provide low temperature performance and high temperature stability in lithium ion battery cells.
1. A rechargeable battery, comprising:
an electrolyte formulation comprising:
a lithium salt comprising LiPF 6 ;
an organic solvent; and
an additive comprising a boron-containing compound selected from the group consisting of diborons and borates;
a cathode comprising a lithium ion intercalating material, wherein discharge and recharge of the battery is accomplished by intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions into and from the cathode; and
an anode comprising graphite and a solid-electrolyte interphase, wherein the solid-electrolyte interphase is stable at −25 degree Celsius as characterized by area specific impedance.
2. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)borate, bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron, and bis(trimethylene)diborate.
3. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)borate.
4. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron.
5. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises bis(trimethylene)diborate.
6. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising lithium bis(oxalato)borate as a second additive.
7. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising lithium bis(oxalato)borate as a second additive.
8. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising lithium bis(oxalato)borate as a second additive.
9. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising 4-nitrophenyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate as a second additive.
10. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising 4-nitrophenyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate as a second additive.
11. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising 4-nitrophenyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate as a second additive.
12. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising cesium nitrate as a second additive.
13. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising cesium nitrate as a second additive.
14. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising cesium nitrate as a second additive.
15. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising maleic anhydride as a second additive.
16. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising maleic anhydride as a second additive.
17. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising maleic anhydride as a second additive.
18. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate as a second additive.
19. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate as a second additive.
20. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate as a second additive.
21. The rechargeable battery of claim 3 further comprising trimethylsilyl polyphosphate as a second additive.
22. The rechargeable battery of claim 4 further comprising trimethylsilyl polyphosphate as a second additive.
23. The rechargeable battery of claim 5 further comprising trimethylsilyl polyphosphate as a second additive.
24. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises a compound represented by formula (a):
where at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 includes a fluorine.
25. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises a compound represented by formula (b):
where X is oxygen or carbon and, independently, Y is oxygen or carbon.