Method and apparatus for lightning forecast
The present invention proposes a lightning forecast method, comprising: identifying a Targeted Weather of SDA carrier (TWLC) based on radar reflectivity data; forecasting a future TWLC state based on the identified TWLC; building or updating an SDA model based on SDA observation data and detected TWLC state-related data; and calculating the probability of producing SDA in the forecasted future TWLC according to the SDA model.
1. A lightning forecast method, comprising:
receiving historical lightning data and historical radar reflectivity data;
building or updating a Spark Discharge of Air (SDA) model based on the historical lightning data and on radar reflectivity factors, the radar reflectivity factors being generated from the historical radar reflectivity data, the SDA model defining a relationship between the radar reflectivity factors and probability of lightning occurring;
receiving current radar reflectivity data;
identifying a current Targeted Weather of SDA Carrier (TWLC) area based on the current radar reflectivity data, identifying the current TWLC area by comparing the current radar reflectivity data against one or more radar reflectivity thresholds to identify a geographic zone with a higher probability of lightning occurring, the comparison comprising:
identifying a first area where the current radar reflectivity data is greater than a first radar reflectivity threshold;
identifying a second area where the current radar reflectivity data is greater than a second radar reflectivity threshold; and
identifying the geographic zone with a higher probability of lightning occurring by extending from the second area where the current radar reflectivity is greater than the second radar reflectivity threshold to the first area where the current radar reflectivity data is greater than the first radar reflectivity threshold until the current radar reflectivity data is at the first radar reflectivity threshold;
forecasting a future TWLC area based on the current TWLC area, forecasting the future TWLC area by evaluating the historical radar reflectivity data and current radar reflectivity data within at least a portion of the current TWLC area;
forecasting future radar reflectivity data within the at least one portion of the current TWLC area;
generating forecasted radar reflectivity factors based, on the future radar reflectivity data;
using the forecasted radar reflectivity factors and the SDA model to generate a forecasted probability of lightning occurring in the forecasted future TWLC area; and
outputting the forecasted probability of lightning occurring in the forecasted future TWLC area to the user.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forecasting a future TWLC area based on the current TWLC area further comprises:
obtaining a historical radar reflectivity distribution and a current radar reflectivity distribution in the current TWLC area based on the historical radar reflectivity data and the current radar reflectivity data;
calculating partial derivative components of the historical radar reflectivity distribution and the current radar reflectivity distribution in the current TWLC area based on the historical radar reflectivity distribution and the current radar reflectivity distribution;
forecasting a future radar reflectivity distribution moving speeds and a future radar reflectivity distribution moving directions by using a gradient-based optical flow algorithm based on the partial derivative components of the historical distribution and the current radar reflectivity distribution in the current TWLC area, so as to obtain a future radar reflectivity distribution positions; and
forecasting the future radar reflectivity distribution data according to a random probability model.
3. The method of claim 2 , where in the random probability model assumes that a future radar reflectivity distribution state probability is only related to a current radar reflectivity distribution state probability and a state transition probability matrix.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the identifying the TWLC area, the identifying the first area the identifying the second area, the identifying the geographic zone, the forecasting the future TWLC area, the forecasting the future radar reflectivity data, the building or updating, and the calculating are performed in loops.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein an input of the SDA model is a strong reflectivity center.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an input of the SDA model is a top height of reflectivity.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an input of the SDA model is a vertical integrated liquid water.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an input of the SDA model is a reflectivity at 7 km height.