Bone graft substitute containing a temporary contrast agent and a method of generating such and a method of use thereof
A bone graft substitute for use in orthopedic bone grafting procedures comprising a radiolucent bone graft substitute combined with a temporary radiopaque agent. Methods of making and using the composition are also disclosed. Bone graft substitutes have become an effective means of regenerating bone in orthopedic procedures where bone loss results from surgically created defects or traumatic injury to the bone. Bone graft substitutes include mineral-based materials such as hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphates, and calcium phosphosilicates as well as allograft-derived materials and xenograft-derived materials such as collagen-based matrices and demineralized bone matrices.
1. A composition of an implant comprising:
a radiolucent bone graft substitute comprising at least one of a collagen, a fibrin, a demineralized bone matrix, or combinations thereof; and
a temporary radiopaque agent that dissipates in less than about six months after the composition is implanted in a patient to less than 99% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition, wherein the temporary radiopaque agent is in an emulsion, and wherein an emulsifying agent is selected from the group consisting of an alginate, a carboxymethyl cellulose, a phospholipid, a poly(lactide-co-glycolide), a polylactide, a polycaprolactone, a polyorthoester, a lecithin, and combinations thereof, and wherein an amount of the emulsifying agent is between about 0.5% by weight to about 95% by weight of the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute is coated with the temporary radiopaque agent.
3. The composition of claim 1 , where the temporary radiopaque agent dissipates over the course of minutes to months so that visualization of new bone formation is unobstructed by the temporary radiopaque agent.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent dissipates within about fourteen days.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a biodegradable polymer and a biodegradable polymer mixture.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute is the collagen.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute is the fibrin.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute is the demineralized bone matrix.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the demineralized bone matrix is allogeneic.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the demineralized bone matrix is xenogeneic.
11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the demineralized bone matrix is at least partially demineralized with about 1% to about 90% of an original mineral content of the bone removed.
12. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the demineralized bone matrix is in a form selected from the group consisting of a block, a cone, a strip, a cylinder, a wafer, a bone putty, a bone paste, shredded fibers, a plurality of ground particles and combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the demineralized bone matrix is ground into particles sized between about 0.2 mm and about 15 mm.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent is covalently bound to a carrier and/or additive.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent is ionically bound to a carrier and/or additive.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of iodine, gadolinium, barium, bismuth, perfluorocarbon, and combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the material is the perfluorocarbon and is selected from the group consisting of perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorohexyl bromide, perfluorooctane, perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluorodecalin, perfluorotributylamine, perfluorotriisopropylamine, perfluoro-crown ethers salts thereof and combinations thereof.
18. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the perfluorocarbon is a perfluoro-crown ether and contains at least one of 12-crown ether, 15-crown ether, or 18-crown ether.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent dissipates to a radiopacity of less than the equivalent of 0.1 mm of aluminum.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a bioactive substance selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, anti-infective agents, hormones, growth factors, cells and combinations thereof.
21. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute and the temporary radiopaque agent are frozen.
22. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute and the temporary radiopaque agent are lyophilized.
23. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiolucent bone graft substitute and the temporary radiopaque agent are rehydrated.
24. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a radiopacity of the composition is equivalent to the thickness of between about 0.1 to about 11 mm of aluminum.
25. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a radiopacity of the composition is equivalent to the thickness of between about 0.3 to about 8 mm of aluminum.
26. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a radiopacity of the composition is equivalent to the thickness of between about 0.5 to about 5 mm of aluminum.
27. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a radiopacity of the composition is equivalent to the thickness of between about 0.7 to about 3 mm of aluminum.
28. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent is selected from the group consisting of a gadolinium, a bismuth, and combinations thereof.
29. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent encapsulates the radiolucent bone graft substitute.
30. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the temporary radiopaque agent is selected from the group consisting of a perfluorooctane, a perfluoropentane, a perfluorohexane, a perfluorodecalin, a perfluorotributylamine, a perfluorotriisopropylamine, a perfluoro-crown ethers salt thereof and combinations thereof.
31. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the temporary radiopaque agent is from about 50% to about 99% by weight of the composition.
32. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 95% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
33. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 90% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
34. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 85% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
35. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 80% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
36. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 70% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
37. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 60% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
38. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 50% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
39. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 40% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
40. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 30% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
41. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 20% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
42. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to less than about 10% of an initial amount of the radiopaque agent in the composition.
43. The composition of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the emulsifying agent is between about 1% by weight to about 90% by weight of the composition.
44. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the biodegradable polymer or the biodegradable polymer mixture comprise an alginate, a hyaluronate, a polycaprolactone, a polyethylene glycol, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polyesteramide, a polylactide, a polyglycolide, a poly(lactide-co-glycolide), a polyorthoester, a polyoxazoline, a polyurethane, and combinations thereof.
45. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the collagen is a scaffold.
46. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the fibrin is a scaffold.
47. A composition of an implant comprising a radiolucent bone graft substitute comprising at least one of a collagen, a fibrin, a demineralized bone matrix, or combinations thereof and a temporary radiopaque agent, wherein the radiopaque agent is present in an emulsion in an amount ranging from about 50% to about 90% by weight of the composition, wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to between about 10% and 99% of an initial amount of the composition in between 30 minutes and six months after the composition is implanted in a patient.
48. The composition of claim 47 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to between 20% and 90% of an initial amount of the composition.
49. The composition of claim 47 , wherein the radiopaque agent dissipates to between 10% and 50% of an initial amount of the composition.