Compositions and methods for regulating thermogenesis and muscle inflammation using metrnl and metrn
The invention provides compositions and methods for regulating thermogenesis and muscle inflammation through modulation of Metrnl and/or Metrn activity and/or expression. Also provided are methods for preventing or treating metabolic disorders and muscle inflammation disorders in a subject through modulation of Metrnl and/or Metrn activity and/or expression. Further provided are methods for identifying compounds that are capable of treating metabolic disorders and muscle inflammation disorders by modulating Metrnl and/or Metrn activity and/or expression.
1. A method for increasing thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue or decreasing expression of at least one inflammation-related gene in skeletal muscle, wherein the inflammation-related gene is selected from the group consisting of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin beta (IL-β), in an obese subject in need thereof comprising directly administering to a site of the adipose tissue or the skeletal muscle of the subject an agent, wherein the agent comprises:
(i) a Metrnl polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of residues 46-311 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or
(ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding a Metrnl polypeptide having the amino acid sequences of residues 46-311 of SEQ ID NO: 4, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operatively linked to a promoter.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is the Metrnl polypeptide that further comprises a heterologous polypeptide fused thereto.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heterologous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an Fc domain, a signal peptide, a peptide tag, a dimerization domain, an oligomerization domain, an antibody, and an antibody fragment.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heterologous polypeptide is the signal peptide.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 - 4 , wherein
a) the thermogenic gene is selected from the group consisting of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-P, IL-10, TGF-P, ucp-1, cidea, dio2, pgcip, err-a, pgcla, pgcla isoforms, bmp8b, adiponectin (adipoq), adipsin, otopetrin, type II deiodinase, cig30, ppar gamma 2, elovl3, cAMP, Prdml6, cytochrome C, cox4il, coxIII, cox5b, cox7al, cox8b, glut4, atpase b2, cox II, atp5o, ndufb5, ap2, ndufsl, GRP109A, acylCoA-thioesterase 4, EARA1, claudinl, PEPCK, fgf21, and acylCoA-thioesterase 3; and/or
b) the subject is a human.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is the nucleic acid molecule that encodes the Metrnl polypeptide and that further encodes a heterologous polypeptide fused thereto.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heterologous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an Fc domain, a signal peptide, a peptide tag, a dimerization domain, an oligomerization domain, an antibody, and an antibody fragment.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the heterologous polypeptide is the signal peptide.
9. The method of any one of claims 6 - 8 , wherein
a) the thermogenic gene is selected from the group consisting of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-P, IL-10, TGF-P, ucp-1, cidea, dio2, pgcip, err-a, pgcla, pgcla isoforms, bmp8b, adiponectin (adipoq), adipsin, otopetrin, type II deiodinase, cig30, ppar gamma 2, elovl3, cAMP, Prdml6, cytochrome C, cox4il, coxIII, cox5b, cox7al, cox8b, glut4, atpase b2, cox II, atp5o, ndufb5, ap2, ndufsl, GRP109A, acylCoA-thioesterase 4, EARA1, claudinl, PEPCK, fgf21, and acylCoA-thioesterase 3; and/or
b) the subject is a human.