Method for operating a waste heat utilization device
A method and a device for operating a waste heat utilization device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is disclosed. The waste heat utilization device contains a waste heat utilization circuit in which a working medium circulates. A conveyor, an evaporator, an expansion machine, and a condenser are disposed in the waste heat utilization circuit. A basic adjustment of the waste heat utilization circuit is provided, which as a function of a heat input into the working medium adjusts the mass flow rate at the conveyor and/or the ratio between high pressure and low pressure at the expansion machine. In addition, a pilot control is provided which recognizes a change of the operating point of the internal combustion engine and, when the operating point is changed, controls the condensation output of the condenser in accordance with a mass distribution of the working medium in the waste heat utilization circuit optimized to the new operating point.
1. A method for operating a waste heat utilization device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, wherein the waste heat utilization device includes:
a waste heat utilization circuit in which a working medium circulates;
a conveyor disposed in the waste heat utilization circuit for conveying the working medium against a high pressure;
an evaporator disposed downstream of the conveyor in the waste heat utilization circuit for vaporizing the working medium;
an expansion machine disposed downstream of the evaporator in the waste heat utilization circuit for producing mechanical energy by expanding the working medium in a gaseous state to a low pressure;
a condenser disposed downstream of the expansion machine in the waste heat utilization circuit for condensing the gaseous working medium; and
a cooling circuit, wherein the cooling circuit cools the condenser,
the method comprising the steps of:
providing the conveyor and/or the expansion machine that are adjustable independently of the cooling circuit;
providing a basic adjustment of the waste heat utilization circuit which, as a function of a heat input into the working medium, adjusts a mass flow rate at the conveyor and/or a ratio between high pressure and low pressure at the expansion machine; and
providing a pilot control which recognizes a change of an operating point of the internal combustion engine, and when the operating point changes, controls a condensation output of the condenser such that a mass distribution of the working medium in the waste heat utilization circuit changes and is adapted to a new operating point.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the control of the condensation output of the condenser takes place by a change of a mass flow of a coolant in the condenser.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the change in the mass distribution of the working medium is detected by a filling level measuring device disposed in a collector.
4. A waste heat utilization device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a waste heat utilization circuit in which a working medium circulates;
a conveyor disposed in the waste heat utilization circuit, wherein the working medium is conveyed by the conveyor against a high pressure;
an evaporator disposed downstream of the conveyor in the waste heat utilization circuit, wherein the working medium is vaporized by the evaporator;
an expansion machine disposed downstream of the evaporator in the waste heat utilization circuit, wherein the expansion machine produces mechanical energy by expanding the working medium in a gaseous state to a low pressure;
a condenser disposed downstream of the expansion machine in the waste heat utilization circuit, wherein the condenser condenses the gaseous working medium;
a collector, wherein the collector stores the condensed working medium;
a cooling circuit, wherein the cooling circuit cools the condenser;
wherein the conveyor and/or the expansion machine are adjustable independently of the cooling circuit;
a basic conveyor- or expansion machine-adjusting device which is connected to the conveyor or the expansion machine, respectively, wherein the basic conveyor- or expansion machine-adjusting device controls or adjusts the waste heat utilization device; and
a pilot controller, wherein the pilot controller controls a condensation output of the condenser with a controller which controls a cooling performance adjustment device and, when an operating point of the internal combustion engine changes, controls the condensation output of the condenser such that a mass distribution of the working medium in the waste heat utilization circuit changes and is adapted to a new operating point.
5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein a filling level measuring device is disposed in the collector.
6. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the cooling performance adjustment device is an adjustable bypass of the condenser cooling circuit.
7. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the cooling performance adjustment device is an adjustable cooling circuit pump.
8. The device according to claim 4 , further comprising:
a temperature measuring device, wherein the temperature measuring device measures a temperature of a coolant which circulates in the cooling circuit;
wherein the controller is coupled to the temperature measuring device and wherein a cooling performance of the cooling circuit is changeable by the control unit controller.
9. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the temperature measuring device has a feed line temperature sensor which detects a temperature of the coolant before the condenser and a return line temperature sensor which detects a temperature of the coolant after the condenser.