Improvements relating to abandonment and recovery of pipelines
A method of abandoning a pipeline during subsea pipelaying from a pipelay vessel includes suspending the pipe string from a tendon element of an abandonment string and engaging further tendon elements to an upper end of the abandonment string while lowering the pipe string to a handover depth. At the handover depth, tension is applied via a wire to the top of the pipe string at an acute angle to the launch axis. This deflects the pipe string from the launch axis into axial alignment with the wire to transfer the weight load of the pipe string to the wire, whereupon the abandonment string can be decoupled from the pipe string. Recovery of the pipeline from the seabed can be effected by a reverse process.
1. A method of abandoning a pipeline during subsea pipelaying from a pipelay vessel, the method comprising:
coupling the top of a pipe string indirectly to a lower tendon element of an abandonment string;
suspending the pipe string from the lower tendon element;
releasably engaging further tendon elements in succession to an upper end of the abandonment string while lowering the pipe string into the sea, such that the pipe string and the abandonment string are in end-to-end alignment under tension along a launch axis under the weight load of the pipe string;
lowering the top of the pipe string to a handover depth;
at the handover depth, applying tensile force via a wire from the vessel to the top of the pipe string, the wire being at an acute angle to the launch axis;
by application of tensile force via the wire, deflecting the pipe string from the launch axis toward end-to-end axial alignment with the wire to transfer the weight load of the pipe string to the wire; and
decoupling the abandonment string from the pipe string.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wire is attached to the top of the pipe string at the surface and is lowered with the pipe string to the handover depth.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the abandonment string bears substantially the whole weight load of the pipe string during lowering to the handover depth.
4. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
coupling a link element to the top of the pipe string;
suspending the pipe string from the lower tendon element of the abandonment string via the link element, such that the pipe string, the link element and the abandonment string are in end-to-end alignment under tension along the launch axis under the weight load of the pipe string; and
accommodating deflection of the pipe string from the launch axis toward alignment with the wire by angular movement of the link element with respect to the abandonment string and the pipe string.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the link element moves angularly with respect to the abandonment string and the pipe string by pivoting about upper and lower couplings of the link element.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the link element moves angularly with respect to the abandonment string and the pipe string by flexing.
7. The method of claim 1 , followed by raising and dissembling the abandonment string by removing tendon elements in succession from the top of the abandonment string on the pipelay vessel.
8. A method of recovering a pipeline for subsea pipelaying from a pipelay vessel, the method comprising:
using a wire from the vessel to raise the top of the pipe string to a handover depth while the wire and the pipe string are in end to end alignment on a lift axis;
releasably engaging tendon elements in succession to an upper end of a recovery string of such elements to lower the recovery string to the handover depth;
at the handover depth, coupling the recovery string to the top of the pipe string;
applying tensile force via the recovery string at an acute angle to the lift axis to deflect the pipe string from the lift axis toward end-to-end axial alignment with the recovery string to transfer the weight load of the pipe string to the recovery string; and
raising the pipe string from the handover depth toward the surface by raising the recovery string while dissembling tendon elements from the recovery string.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the wire is raised with the pipe string from the handover depth and is detached from the top of the pipe string at the surface.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the recovery string bears substantially the whole weight load of the pipe string during raising from the handover depth.
11. The method of claim 8 , comprising:
coupling a link element to the top of the pipe string;
coupling a lower tendon element of the recovery string to the top of the pipe string via the link element:
accommodating deflection of the pipe string from the lift axis toward alignment with the recovery string by angular movement of the link element with respect to the recovery string and the pipe string; and
suspending the pipe string from the lower tendon element of the recovery string via the link element such that the pipe string, the link element and the recovery string are in end-to-end axial alignment under tension under the weight load of the pipe string.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the link element moves angularly with respect to the recovery string and the pipe string by pivoting about upper and lower couplings of the link element.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the link element moves angularly with respect to the recovery string and the pipe string by flexing.