Solution for forming insulation coating and grain-oriented electrical steel sheet
A solution for forming an insulation coating of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes an aqueous solution prepared by mixing a phosphate solution and colloidal silica. Chromium is not added to the aqueous solution. The colloidal silica includes silica particles surface-modified by an aluminate or is prepared by adding an aluminate to colloidal silica such as conventional colloidal silica.
1. A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising an insulation coating, wherein the insulation coating consists of phosphorous, silicon, oxygen, and at least one selected from Al, Mg, and Mn, the insulation coating is free of chromium, and an area rate of pores in a cross section of the insulation coating is less than 10%.
2. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the insulation coating includes a chemical structure of phosphorus so that a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the insulation coating shows a 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm when the 31 P chemical shift is referenced to an 85 mass % H 3 PO 4 solution.
3. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 2 , wherein a peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm is more than 30% of a total peak area when the peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm and the total peak area are calculated with a Gaussian fitting in which a peak position is determined in a range of 0 to −60 ppm.
4. A method for making the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising the insulation coating of claim 1 , comprising:
applying a solution comprising an aqueous solution consisting essentially of a phosphate solution and colloidal silica to at least one surface of the steel sheet,
and baking the steel sheet at a temperature of 750-1000° C. to form an insulation coating on the at least one surface of the steel sheet,
wherein silica particles of the colloidal silica are surface-modified by aluminate or a solution of the colloidal silica includes aluminate,
the aqueous solution is free of chromium, and
the insulation coating formed by baking the steel sheet has an area fraction of voids in a cross section of the insulation coating is less than 10%.
5. The method for forming the insulation coating on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 4 ,
wherein the phosphate solution includes one or more selected from aluminum phosphate, magnesium phosphate, nickel phosphate, and manganese phosphate.
6. The method for forming the insulation coating on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 5 ,
wherein an amount of the phosphate solution is 25-75 mass % and an amount of the colloidal silica is 75-25 mass % of a total solid mass when the amounts of the phosphate solution and the colloidal silica are calculated in anhydrous form.
7. The method for forming the insulation coating on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 4 ,
wherein an amount of the phosphate solution is 25-75 mass % and an amount of the colloidal silica is 75-25 mass % of a total solid mass when the amounts of the phosphate solution and the colloidal silica are calculated in anhydrous form.
8. A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising an insulation coating formed by:
applying a solution comprising an aqueous solution consisting essentially of a phosphate solution and colloidal silica to at least one surface of the steel sheet, and baking the steel sheet at a temperature of 750-1000° C. to form an insulation coating on the at least one surface of the steel sheet,
wherein silica particles of the colloidal silica are surface-modified by aluminate or a solution of the colloidal silica includes aluminate,
the aqueous solution is free of chromium,
the phosphate solution consists essentially of one or more selected from aluminum phosphate, magnesium phosphate, and manganese phosphate, and
the insulation coating consists of phosphorous, silicon, oxygen, and at least one selected from Al, Mg, and Mn.
9. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 8 , wherein the insulation coating includes a chemical structure of phosphorus so that a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the insulation coating shows a 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm when the 31 P chemical shift is referenced to an 85 mass % H 3 PO 4 solution.
10. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 9 , wherein a peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm is more than 30% of a total peak area when the peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm and the total peak area are calculated with a Gaussian fitting in which a peak position is determined in a range of 0 to −60 ppm.
11. A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising an insulation coating formed by:
applying a solution comprising an aqueous solution consisting essentially of a phosphate solution and colloidal silica to at least one surface of the steel sheet, and baking the steel sheet at a temperature of 750-1000° C. to form an insulation coating on the at least one surface of the steel sheet,
wherein silica particles of the colloidal silica are surface-modified by aluminate or a solution of the colloidal silica includes aluminate,
the aqueous solution is free of chromium,
the phosphate solution consists essentially of one or more selected from aluminum phosphate, magnesium phosphate, and manganese phosphate,
an amount of the phosphate solution is 25-75 mass % and an amount of the colloidal silica is 75-25 mass % of a total solid mass when the amounts of the phosphate solution and the colloidal silica are calculated in anhydrous form, and
the insulation coating consists of phosphorous, silicon, oxygen, and at least one selected from Al, Mg, and Mn.
12. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 11 , wherein the insulation coating includes a chemical structure of phosphorus so that a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the insulation coating shows a 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm when the 31 P chemical shift is referenced to an 85 mass % H 3 PO 4 solution.
13. The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 12 , wherein a peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm is more than 30% of a total peak area when the peak area of the 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm and the total peak area are calculated with a Gaussian fitting in which a peak position is determined in a range of 0 to −60 ppm.
14. A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising an insulation coating, wherein the insulation coating consists of phosphorous, silicon, oxygen, and at least one selected from Al, Mg, and Mn, the insulation coating is free of chromium and the insulation coating includes a chemical structure of phosphorus so that a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the insulation coating shows a 31 P chemical shift at −32 to −38 ppm when the 31 P chemical shift is referenced to an 85 mass % H 3 PO 4 solution.