Methods for evaluating brain-wide paravascular pathway for waste clearance function and methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders based thereon
Methods are provided for measuring glio-vascular pathway (“glymphatic system”) function in the brain of a mammal which include performing imaging of the brain and measuring cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid (CSF-ISF) exchange in the brain. The methods can be used to track the exchange between CSF and ISF compartments. An imaging agent is optionally administered intrathecally. The imaging agent can be a negative or positive (paramagnetic) contrast agent and dynamic or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can be performed. The imaging agent can be a positron-emitting radionuclide tracer and positron emission tomography (PET) can be performed. Methods for treating diseases or disorders of the mammalian brain are also provided, in which the methods increase or decrease glymphatic clearance.
1. A method for treating reactive gliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of a mammal comprising increasing glymphatic system clearance,
wherein increasing glymphatic clearance comprises
producing convective bulk fluid flow from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment of the central nervous system, comprising pumping interstitial fluid (ISF) through the central nervous system interstitium to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
whereby reactive gliosis is reduced or reactive gliosis onset delayed.
2. A method for promoting clearance of a waste product from the central nervous system interstitium, brain interstitium and/or spinal cord interstitium of a mammal comprising
producing convective bulk fluid flow from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment of the central nervous system, comprising pumping interstitial fluid (ISF) through the central nervous system interstitium to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the mammal,
thereby reducing or decreasing, accumulation of a waste product in the central nervous system of the mammal.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the waste product is soluble amyloid β (Aβ), tau, or alpha synuclein.
4. A method for treating traumatic brain injury in the brain of a mammal comprising
producing convective bulk fluid flow from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment of the central nervous system, comprising pumping interstitial fluid (ISF) through the central nervous system interstitium to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the mammal,
thereby decreasing or reducing amyloid β (Aβ), tau and/or alpha synuclein accumulation in the brain interstitium of the mammal.
5. A method for treating a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system of a mammal comprising increasing glymphatic system clearance, wherein increasing glymphatic clearance comprises
producing convective bulk fluid flow from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment of the central nervous system, comprising pumping interstitial fluid (ISF) through the central nervous system interstitium to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
whereby reactive gliosis is reduced.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Alzheimer's disease with Lewy bodies, Lewy body dementia, mixed dementia, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) or HIV associated dementia.