Water extraction system containing a membrane including an active layer having a cross-linked aromatic polyamide thin film

1. A water extraction system for use in a fertigation system comprising:

a) a flow cell comprising a membrane, said membrane comprising (i) an active layer comprising a cross linked aromatic polyamide thin film with immobilized aquaporin water channels and (ii) a support layer, and said membrane having a feed side and a non-feed side, wherein the non-feed side of the membrane functions as a draw side;

b) an aqueous source solution in fluid communication with the feed side of the membrane;

c) an aqueous draw solution in fluid communication with the draw side of the membrane, wherein the aqueous draw solution is a concentrated plant nutrient draw solution.

2. The water extraction system according to claim 1 , wherein aquaporin vesicles are incorporated in the cross linked aromatic polyamide thin film, said vesicles being formed by self assembly of amphiphilic lipids or block copolymers in the presence of an aquaporin protein suspension.

3. The water extraction system according to claim 2 wherein said vesicles are formed from an amphiphilic lipid or triblock copolymer solution.

4. The water extraction system according to claim 1 wherein the aquaporin water channels are selected from a plant aquaporin, a mammal aquaporin, or a bacterial aquaporin.

5. The water extraction system according to claim 1 wherein said support layer is a polysulfone or polyether sulfone support membrane.

6. The water extraction system according to claim 1 further comprising means for regeneration or anti-fouling of said membrane, said means comprising a cleaning fluid having a pH of about 2 to 11, said cleaning fluid being selected from a solution of an organic acid or a chelating agent.

7. A fertigation system to produce a final product diluted plant nutrient solution, comprising:

i) a feed stream being an aqueous source solution,

ii) a pump receiving the feed stream,

iii) a flow cell including a membrane, the membrane having a feed side and a non-feed side, wherein the non-feed side of the membrane functions as a draw side and the feed side is in fluid communication with the pump and the feed stream, the membrane including:

a) an active layer having a cross linked aromatic polyamide thin film with immobilized aquaporin water channels, and

b) a support layer,

iv) an aqueous draw solution that flows into, and is in fluid communication with the draw side of the membrane, wherein the aqueous draw solution is a concentrated plant nutrient draw solution,

v) a diluted draw solution that flows out from the draw side of the membrane, wherein the diluted draw solution is a diluted plant nutriment draw solution in comparison to the concentrated plant nutrient draw solution,

(vi) an additionally diluted plant nutriment draw solution formed from at least one of:

1) at least a portion of the diluted plant nutriment draw solution being re-circulated back into the concentrated plant nutrient draw solution to additionally dilute the concentrated plant nutrient draw solution, or

2) freshwater in fluid communication with the diluted plant nutriment draw solution to additionally dilute the diluted plant nutriment draw solution, and

vii) the final product diluted plant nutrient solution which is output from the fertigation system, the final product diluted plant nutrient solution being one of the diluted plant nutriment draw solution or the additionally diluted plant nutriment draw solution.