Automated analysis system for the detection and screening of neurological disorders and defects
Objects of interest which project beyond the fovea are poorly resolved and lack color information, requiring movement of the eyes in order to obtain a comprehensive image and perception of the surrounding world. Eye movements emanate from different areas of the brain which can be affected by disease and or injury. As such, different neurological disorders will affect a myriad of eye movements in a variety of different ways. An automated system and method, capable of detecting, analyzing and summarizing a person's eye movements is used to detect (diagnose) (either before or after symptoms of said neurological disease are apparent), confirm a prior diagnosis, and/or to monitor the treatment effectiveness for a variety of neurological diseases, neurological movement disorders and potential brain injuries. The analyzed and summarized eye movements are cataloged, interpreted and utilized in a diagnostic matrix in order to highlight and distinguish abnormal eye movements, and to provide an objective clinical or pre-clinical/pre-symptomatic diagnosis based on the non-invasive testing procedures.
1. A computer implemented method for diagnosing or confirming a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, or for monitoring a treatment regimen of Parkinson's disease, comprising the steps of:
detecting horizontal and vertical positions of one or both eyes of a subject in response to fixed and moving light stimulus using an eye tracking device;
determining from data detected in said detecting step using one or more computers or computer networks, one or more values for saccadic measurements and one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions;
comparing, using said one or more computers or computer networks,
said one or more values for saccadic measurements with stored values or value ranges for subjects which suffer from Parkinson's disease, wherein said saccadic measurements include peak velocity and saccadic metrics; and
said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions with stored values or value ranges for subjects which suffer from Parkinson's, wherein said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions include ocular tremor; and
outputting at least one match for said subject based on said comparing step to either a normal response or to Parkinson's disease,
wherein Parkinson's disease is diagnosed by presence of ocular tremor having a frequency ranging from 4.3 to 10.9 Hz and absence of abnormalities in peak velocity and absence of hypometric or hypermetric saccadic metrics.
2. The computer implemented method of claim 1 , wherein said saccadic measurements further include latency.
3. The computer implemented method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions further include one or more values selected from the group consisting of stable fixations, complex fixation instability, increased frequency fine amplitude chaotic tremor, chaotic fixations, vertical control, drift during fixation, increased frequency of square wave jerks, single pulse saccadic intrusions, double pulse saccadic intrusions, macro saccadic oscillations, and increased blink rate.
4. A computer implemented method for diagnosing or confirming a diagnosis of essential tremor, or for monitoring a treatment regimen of essential tremor, comprising the steps of:
detecting horizontal and vertical positions of one or both eyes of a subject in response to fixed and moving light stimulus using an eye tracking device;
determining from data detected in said detecting step using one or more computers or computer networks, one or more values for saccadic measurements and one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions;
comparing, using said one or more computers or computer networks,
said one or more values for saccadic measurements with stored values or value ranges for subjects which suffer from essential tremor, wherein said saccadic measurements include peak velocity; and
said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions with stored values or value ranges for subjects which suffer from essential tremor, wherein said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions include ocular tremor and increased frequency of square wave jerks; and
outputting at least one match for said subject based on said comparing step to either a normal response or to essential tremor,
wherein essential tremor is diagnosed by absence of ocular tremor and presence of a slowing of saccadic velocity with a wavering plateau of velocity.
5. The computer implemented method of claim 4 wherein essential tremor is further diagnosed by presence of 6.9-46.9 square wave jerks per minute.
6. The computer implemented method of claim 4 wherein essential tremor is further diagnosed by an increased ratio of the peak velocity relative to an average velocity.
7. The computer implemented method of claim 4 , wherein said saccadic measurements further include at least one of latency and saccadic metrics.
8. The computer implemented method of claim 4 , wherein said one or more values of either or both fixation measurements or measurements associated with interruptions further include one or more values selected from the group consisting of stable fixations, complex fixation instability, increased frequency fine amplitude chaotic tremor, chaotic fixations, vertical control, drift during fixation, single pulse saccadic intrusions, double pulse saccadic intrusions, macro saccadic oscillations, and increased blink rate.