Liquid (meth)acrylic syrup for impregnating a fibrous substrate, method of impregnating a fibrous substrate, composite material obtained following polymerisation of the pre-impregnated substrate
The present invention relates to a liquid (meth)acrylic syrup for impregnating a fibrous substrate. The present invention relates in particular to a viscous liquid syrup mainly containing methacrylic or acrylic components. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such a syrup. The invention also relates to a process for impregnating a fibrous substrate comprising long glass fibers with said viscous liquid syrup. The invention also relates to a fibrous substrate preimpregnated with said syrup, which is useful for manufacturing transparent parts especially for the building sector. The present invention also relates to a manufacturing process for manufacturing transparent parts obtained via this process.
1. A liquid (meth)acrylic syrup for impregnating a fibrous substrate, said fibrous substrate consisting of long glass fibers of refractive index n1, wherein said impregnation syrup comprises:
a) a (meth)acrylic monomer,
b) at least one component, of refractive index n3, such that n3≥n1, wherein said component b) is selected from the group consisting of
styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, present in a proportion of at least 10% by weight of the total liquid (meth)acrylic syrup, said styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer comprising between 25% and 50% of maleic anhydride monomer units, and
styrene monomer, present in a proportion of at least 10% by weight of the total liquid (meth)acrylic syrup;
and
optionally c) a (meth)acrylic polymer of refractive index n2, wherein n3>n2, and wherein said (meth)acrylic polymer c) may or may not be present if component b) is a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, but said (meth)acrylic polymer c) must be present when component b) is styrene monomer,
said (meth)acrylic syrup having a refractive index n4 which is about the refractive index of n1 and a dynamic viscosity of between 10 mPa·s and 10,000 mPa·s.
2. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least one component b) is chosen from:
styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, present in a proportion of at least 15% by weight of the total liquid (meth)acrylic syrup;
and
styrene monomer, present in a proportion of at least 15% by weight of the total liquid (meth)acrylic syrup.
3. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said syrup comprises:
a) from 70% by weight to 80% by weight of the (meth)acrylic monomer, and
b) from 20% by weight to 30% by weight of the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
4. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said syrup comprises:
a) from 50% by weight to 80% by weight of the (meth)acrylic monomer,
b) from 10% by weight to 25% by weight of the styrene monomer, and
c) from 10% by weight to 25% by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer.
5. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said syrup comprises:
a) from 50% by weight to 80% by weight of the (meth)acrylic monomer,
b) from 10% by weight to 45% by weight of the styrene monomer,
c) from 2.5% by weight to 30% by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer, and
d) from 2.5% by weight to 30% by weight of a (meth)acrylic-styrene copolymer, comprising from 10% to 50% by weight of styrene.
6. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said syrup comprises:
a) from 50% by weight to 80% by weight of the (meth)acrylic monomer,
b) from 10% by weight to 40% by weight of the styrene monomer,
c) from 5% by weight to 30% by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer, and
d) from 5% by weight to 30% by weight of the (meth)acrylic-styrene copolymer, comprising from 10% to 50% by weight of styrene.
7. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic polymer is a homo- or copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or a mixture thereof.
8. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) comprises at least 70%, by weight of methyl methacrylate (MMA).
9. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) comprises from 70% to 99.7% by weight of methyl methacrylate and from 0.3 to 30% by weight of at least one monomer bearing at least one ethylenic unsaturation that can copolymerize with the methyl methacrylate.
10. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic polymer comprises a comonomer, said comonomer being an alkyl acrylate containing an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
11. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 10 , wherein said comonomer is chosen from methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, and a mixture thereof.
12. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylic monomers and alkyl methacrylic monomers, and mixtures thereof, wherein said alkyl group of the alkyl acrylic or alkyl methacrylic monomers contains from 1 to 22 linear, branched or cyclic carbons.
13. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 12 , wherein 50% by weight of the (meth)acrylic monomer is methyl methacrylate.
14. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
15. The liquid (meth)acrylic syrup as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylic monomer is chosen from methyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and acrylic acid, and mixtures thereof.