Aligned fiber and method of use thereof

1. A scaffold comprising one or more electrospun fibers comprising collagen, wherein a fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis result of the fibers have adjacent major peaks with about 180° apart from each other.

2. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise type I collagen in its native triple helical structure.

3. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber has less than about 8 wt % residual calcium.

4. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the scaffold has an average porosity from about 60% to about 90%.

5. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the scaffold comprises collagen type I, bone matrix, adipose extracellular matrix, heart basement membrane extract, heart basement membrane extracellular matrix, placenta basement membrane extract, placenta basement membrane extracellular matrix, brain-derived extracellular matrix, polycaprolactone, an accessory polymer, or the mixture thereof.

6. The scaffold according to claim 5 , wherein the accessory polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycaprolactone, poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), polydioxanone, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers, polyesters polysaccharides, polyhydroxyalka noates, starch, polylactic acid, cellulose, proteins, agar, silks, alginate, collagen/gelatin, carrageenan, elastin, pectin, resilin, konjac, adhesives, gums, polyamino acids, polysaccharides, soy, zein, wheat gluten, casein, chitin/chitosan, serum albumin, hyaluronic acid, lipids/surfactants, xanthan, acetoglycerides, waxes, surfactants, dextran, emulsan, gelian, polyphenols, levan, lignin, curd, ian, tannin, polygalactosamine, humic acid, shellac, pullulan, poly-gamma-glutamic acid, elsinan, natural rubber, yeast glucans, synthetic polymers from natural fats and oils.

7. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the scaffold comprises a bioactive factor.

8. The scaffold according to claim 7 , wherein the bioactive factor is selected from the group consisting of an osteogenic growth factor, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, osteonectin, bone sialo protein, an osteoinductive factor, a chondrogenic factor, a cytokine, a mitogenic factor, a chemotactic factor, a transforming growth factor (TGF), a fibroblast growth factor (FGF), an angiogenic factor, an insulin-like growth factor (IGF), a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), an epidermal growth factor (EGF), a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), osteogenin, osteopontin, osteocalcin, cementum attachment protein, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an interferon, a colony stimulating factor (CSF), stem cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and an interleukin.

9. The scaffold according to claim 1 , wherein the scaffold comprises an extracellular matrix component.

10. The scaffold according to claim 9 , wherein the extracellular matrix component is selected from the group consisting of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone sialo protein, osteopontin, fibronectin, laminin, and mixtures thereof.

11. A method of cell culture comprising culturing cells on the scaffold according to claim 1 under conditions suitable for the cell culture.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cells are selected from the group consisting of stem cells, adipose derived stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, fibroblasts, and dorsal root ganglia.

13. A method of promoting differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, ligament or tendon, the method comprising culturing the cells on the scaffold according to claim 1 under conditions suitable for the cell differentiation.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the stem cells are progenitor cells or adult stem cells.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the progenitor cells or the adult stem cells are derived or isolated from placenta, bone marrow, adipose tissue, blood vessel, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, pericardium, periosteum, dura, peripheral blood, umbilical blood, menstrual blood, baby teeth, nucleus pulposus, brain, skin, hair follicle, intestinal crypt, neural tissue, or muscle.