Vaccine to protect a ruminant against pneumonia caused by mannheimia haemolytica
The present invention pertains to a vaccine for administration to the upper respiratory tract of a ruminant to protect said ruminant against pneumonia caused by Mannheimia haemolytica , the vaccine comprising in combination live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria, live attenuated parainfluenza-3 virus and live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial virus, wherein the vaccine is for administration to the upper respiratory tract of the ruminant via intranasal atomization of the vaccine.
1. A method to protect a ruminant against pneumonia caused by Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria comprising administering a vaccine to the upper respiratory tract of the ruminant by intranasal atomisation of said vaccine, wherein said vaccine comprises live attenuated Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria, live attenuated parainfluenza-3 virus, and live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial virus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine further comprises live attenuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atomisation provides a mist of vaccine particles having an average size below 50 μm in diameter.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the average vaccine particle size is between 20 and 40 μm in diameter.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the vaccine further comprises live attenuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the vaccine further comprises live attenuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is to bovines at an age of less than 4 weeks.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is applied by a single administration.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the volume of the single administration is divided over both nostrils.
10. The method of claim 3 , wherein the administration is to bovines at an age of less than 4 weeks.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the vaccine is applied by a single administration.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the volume of the single administration is divided over both nostrils.