Carbonized carbon and articles formed therefrom
A composition is provided that includes: a carbonized carbon having an iodine number of at least 60 mg/g and a domain size of between 1.0 and 2.3 nm. An article or fuel is provided that includes the composition in a polymer forming a matrix or water suspension, respectively. A composition of so provided and derived from wood has been assigned a new CAS number (CAS No. 1362167-53-0).
1. A composition comprising:
carbonized carbon having an iodine number of at least 60 mg/g or a positive or negative charge and a domain size of between 1.0 and 1.6 nm, a plurality of carbonized carbon domains joined to form a particle with a particle size.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the particle size of more than 90 weight percent is less than 100 mesh.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the particle size of more than 90 weight percent is less than 200 mesh.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the particle size of more than 90 weight percent is less than 325 mesh.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said carbonized carbon has the iodine number of at least 75 mg/g.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a neutral pH.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said carbonized carbon is formed from a variety of base materials comprising cellulosic sources.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein said cellulosic sources comprise wood, coconut shells, wheat chaff, corn stover, nut shell and hulls, and grasses.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein said base materials further comprise bone meal, carpet waste, auto shredder waste, coal, bitumen, petroleum, sewage, medical waste, and fecal waste.
10. An article comprising:
a polymer forming a matrix; and
the composition of claim 1 with the matrix.
11. The article of claim 10 wherein said polymer is one of a polyalkylenes, polycarbonates, polylactones, polycarboxylic acids, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates, polyols, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyesters, polystyrenes, fluoropolymers, elastomers, and block co-polymers thereof.
12. The article of claim 10 wherein said carbonized carbon is present at or above a percolation threshold.
13. A process of forming a composition according to claim 1 comprising:
placing a waste material in a carbonization system, said carbonization system operated at temperatures above 850° F, with a negative internal chamber pressure, and with a dwell time that exceeds 5 minutes but is less than 1 hour.
14. A fuel comprising:
a composition of claim 1 ; and
water to form a suspension.
15. The fuel of claim 14 wherein said suspension further comprises surfactants.
16. The fuel of claim 14 wherein said suspension further comprises emulsifiers.
17. The composition of claim 1 dispersed in an agricultural field.