Liquid conductivity measurement cell

1. A liquid conductivity measurement flow through cell comprising:

a chamber having a longitudinal axis, and having an inlet and an outlet, a longitudinal axis of the inlet being substantially perpendicular to a first plane that includes the longitudinal axis of the chamber, and a longitudinal axis of the outlet being substantially perpendicular to a second plane, the second plane being selected from a group consisting of the first plane and any other plane that includes the longitudinal axis of the chamber;

four sensing pins, said sensing pins being arranged in an orbit around the longitudinal axis of the chamber, each of the sensing pins being substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber;

each of the four sensing pins defining an electrode;

each of said electrodes being switchable between two or more configurations of two of the four sensing pins.

2. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein a first configuration of the two or more configurations defines a control circuit for measuring conductivity of a liquid passing through the chamber, and a second configuration of the two or more configurations defines a redundancy circuit for checking accuracy of conductivity measurements taken by the control circuit.

3. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein each of the four sensing pins is separated from a flow through space defined in the chamber.

4. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein each of the four sensing pins extends into the chamber.

5. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber is defined by a plastic moulding.

6. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 5 , wherein each of the four sensing pins is provided on a common plastic moulding independent of the plastic moulding defining the chamber.

7. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 6 , wherein the moulding for the sensing pins is bonded to the chamber by ultrasonic, thermal or adhesive bonding.

8. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein each of the four sensing pins has a substantially similar cross-sectional area.

9. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein each of the four sensing pins has a substantially similar length.

10. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of the inlet forms an oblique angle with a radius of the chamber, and the longitudinal axis of the outlet forms an oblique angle with a radius of the chamber.

11. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 10 , wherein the inlet of the chamber is disposed between two of the four sensing pins and the outlet of the chamber is disposed between two of the four sensing pins.

12. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 11 , wherein, in use, the inlet of the chamber is disposed between two of the four sensing pins, each one of the two sensing pins, between which the inlet is disposed, being configured to measure a current in a liquid flowing through the cell in a first configuration of the two or more configurations.

13. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 12 , wherein, in use, the outlet of the chamber is disposed between two of the four sensing pins, one of the two sensing pins, between which the outlet is disposed, being configured to measure a current in the liquid flowing through the cell and one of the two sensing pins, between which the outlet is disposed, being configured to generate an electrical field within the chamber, in the first configuration.

14. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 10 , wherein the inlet and the outlet of the chamber are unobstructed.

15. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of the inlet and the longitudinal axis of the outlet of the chamber substantially coincide with each other.

16. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 15 , wherein the inlet and the outlet of the chamber are obstructed.

17. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 16 , wherein one of the four sensing pins obstructs the inlet of the chamber.

18. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 17 , wherein one of the four sensing pins obstructs the outlet of the chamber.

19. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber is circular in cross-section.

20. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber is square in cross-section.

21. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber is diamond in cross-section.

22. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 19 , wherein the chamber has a constant cross-section.

23. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 19 , wherein each of the four sensing pins is arranged adjacent to a perimeter of the chamber.

24. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 16 , wherein a central barrier is provided within the chamber, the barrier providing a partial restriction to flow between the inlet and the outlet of the chamber.

25. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 24 , wherein the chamber comprises a base wall and a continuous perimeter side wall extending upwardly therefrom.

26. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 25 , wherein the central barrier comprises an un-apertured wall extending from the base wall of the chamber.

27. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 2 , wherein each of the electrodes automatically alternates between being connected to the control circuit and the redundancy circuit.

28. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 27 , wherein alternation between the circuits automatically occurs at a pre-determined time interval.

29. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein a cross-sectional area of each sensing pin is less than five square millimeters.

30. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein a length of each of the four sensing pins is between 6 mm and 35 mm.

31. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum width of the cell is less than 25 mm.

32. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell is provided on a cartridge insertable into a hemodialysis machine.

33. The liquid conductivity measurement cell according to claim 32 , wherein the cartridge is disposable.