Electrical discharge machining comprising the use of estolide compositions
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
1. A method comprising:
manufacturing a material using a process that includes electrical discharge machining, wherein the electrical discharge machining is conducted in the presence of an estolide base oil comprising one or more estolide compounds, wherein said estolide base oil exhibits an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 1.5, wherein the EN is the average number of estolide linkages for estolide compounds contained in the base oil.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the estolide base oil comprises one or more estolide compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer equal to or greater than 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is independently optionally substituted.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein x+y is 15 for at least one chain.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkyl that is saturated, and branched or unbranched.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein R 2 is branched.
10. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said composition exhibits an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 1.5, wherein the EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein R 2 is a branched C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
12. The method according to claim 5 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkyl that is saturated, and branched or unbranched.
13. The method according to claim 5 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is saturated, and branched or unbranched.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is unbranched.
15. The method according to claim 2 , wherein composition has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 45 cSt when measured at 40° C.
16. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the composition has a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.
17. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the composition exhibits a conductivity that is greater than 1 pS/M at 25° C.
18. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the electrical discharge machining comprises at least one of spark machining, spark eroding, burning, die sinking, or wire erosion.
19. The method according to claim 5 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.
20. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the composition exhibits a conductivity that is about 0 to about 1 pS/M at 25° C.