Traces between phase array antenna and radio frequency integrated circuit in mm wave systems
Systems and associated methods for improved beamforming of the phase array antenna are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a communication system for wireless signals has a phase array antenna having a plurality of individual antennas and a plurality of electrically conductive traces. The individual traces electrically connect corresponding individual antennas with a transmitter. The lengths of individual traces Ti, Tk satisfy equation Abs ((Ti−Tk) mod (λ))<λ/B, where λ is a wavelength of the wireless signal and λ/B is a fraction of λ.
1. A communication system for wireless signals, comprising:
a phase array antenna having a plurality of individual antennas; and
a plurality of electrically conductive traces connecting the plurality of individual antennas to an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), wherein each individual trace of the plurality of electrically conductive traces is connected between a corresponding individual antenna of the plurality of individual antennas and the RFIC,
wherein a remainder of a difference in lengths of any two individual traces Ti, Tk, divided by a signal wavelength λ is less than a defined limit, wherein the defined limit is a fraction of λ;
wherein conductive traces connected to individual antennas located centrally within the phase array antenna are shorter than conductive traces connected to individual antennas located at a periphery of the of the phase array antenna;
where λ is a wavelength of a wireless signal to be applied to the plurality of individual antennas.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of individual antennas of the phase array antenna are spaced apart by λ/2.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the RFIC capable of transmitting signal through the plurality of conductive traces to the phase array antenna.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the difference in lengths of individual traces Ti, Tk is substantially equal to a whole multiple of a signal wavelength λ, plus a margin, wherein the margin is less than <λ/B, wherein B is selected from a group consisting of 2, 4, 8 and 16.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a beamformer capable of performing amplitude and/or phase adjustment to the wireless signal to be applied to each individual trace.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the beamformer is operates to cancel phase offsets generated by unequal trace lengths comprising:
receiving a tone and measuring relative phases at the plurality of individual antennas;
calibrating the unequal trace lengths based on the measured relative phases;
determining complex weights based on the unequal trace lengths; and
applying the complex weights to a wireless signal.
7. A communication system for wireless signals, comprising:
a phase array antenna having a plurality of individual antennas;
a plurality of electrically conductive traces connecting the plurality of individual antennas to an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), wherein each individual trace of the plurality of electrically conductive traces is connected between a corresponding individual antenna of the plurality of individual antennas and the RFIC, wherein lengths of individual traces Ti, Tk have unequal trace lengths that cause phase offset errors among the individual antennas of the phase array antenna, wherein a remainder of a difference in lengths of any two individual traces Ti, Tk divided by a signal wavelength λ is less than a defined limit, wherein the defined limit is a fraction of λ, wherein conductive traces connected to individual antennas located centrally within the phase array antenna are shorter than conductive traces connected to individual antennas located at a periphery of the of the phase array antenna, where λ is a wavelength of a wireless signal to be applied to the plurality of individual antennas; and
a beamformer configured to perform amplitude and/or phase adjustment to a wireless signal to be applied to each individual conductive trace, wherein the beamformer is configured to cancel the phase offsets among individual antennas of the phase array antenna.
8. A method for producing a phase array antenna, the method comprising:
manufacturing traces for connections to individual antennas of the phase array antenna, wherein a remainder of a difference in lengths of any two of individual traces Ti, Tk divided by a signal wavelength λ is less than a defined limit, wherein the defined limit is a fraction of λ, where λ is a wavelength of a wireless signal to be applied to a plurality of individual antennas of the phase array antenna;
electrically connecting each individual trace of the traces between a corresponding individual antenna of the plurality of individual antennas and an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit) wherein conductive traces connected to individual antennas located centrally within the phase array antenna are shorter than conductive traces connected to individual antennas located at a periphery of the of the phase array antenna.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising connecting the traces to the phase array antenna to a beamformer, wherein the beamformer is operates to cancel phase offsets generated by unequal trace lengths comprising:
receiving a tone and measuring relative phases at the plurality of individual antennas;
calibrating the unequal trace lengths based on the measured relative phases;
determining complex weights based on the unequal trace lengths; and
applying the complex weights to a wireless signal.
10. A method for beamforming, comprising:
emitting a wireless signal from a phase array antenna having a plurality of individual antennas, wherein a plurality of conductive traces electrically connect individual antennas of the phase array antenna with an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit) have unequal trace lengths that cause phase offset errors among the individual antennas of the phase array antenna, wherein each individual trace of the plurality of electrically conductive traces is connected between a corresponding individual antenna of the plurality of individual antennas and the transceiver, wherein lengths of individual traces Ti, Tk have unequal trace lengths that cause phase offset errors among the individual antennas of the phase array antenna, wherein a remainder of a difference in lengths of any two individual traces Ti, Tk divided by a signal wavelength λ is less than a defined limit, wherein the defined limit is a fraction of λ where λ is a wavelength of a wireless signal to be applied to the plurality of individual antennas wherein conductive traces connected to individual antennas located centrally within the phase array antenna are shorter than conductive traces connected to individual antennas located at a periphery of the of the phase array antenna; and
beamforming the RF signal of the phase array antenna, wherein the beamforming adjusts amplitude and/or phase of the wireless signal that is applied to individual conductive traces, and wherein the beamformer is configured to cancel the phase offsets among individual antennas of the phase array antenna.