Hierarchical and distributed power grid control
A control node enables distributed grid control. The control node monitors power generation and power demand at a point of common coupling (PCC) between a utility power grid and all devices downstream from the PCC. The control node can have one or more consumer nodes, which can be or include customer premises, and one or more energy sources connected downstream. The control node monitors and controls the interface via the PCC from the same side of the PCC as the power generation and power demand. The control can include adjusting the interface between the control node and the central grid management via the PCC to maintain compliance with grid regulations at the PCC.
1. A method for controlling a power grid, comprising:
monitoring power generation of a local power generation device and power demand of local loads at a point of common coupling (PCC) to a utility power grid as seen at the PCC when looking from a consumer side of the PCC, wherein the monitoring is performed by a control node on the consumer side of the PCC electrically across the PCC from central grid management, the consumer side being a same side of the PCC as the power generation and power demand; and
adjusting an operation of a power converter on the consumer side that controls a flow of power between the PCC and the local power generation device and the local loads in response to the monitoring by the control node and a control signal from the control node, including adjusting a phase offset of reactive power at the PCC with a power converter of the control node, to change a ratio of real and reactive power of the flow of power at the PCC as seen from the consumer side of the PCC and change an electrical characteristic as seen at the PCC from a grid side of the PCC, including changing an amount of reactive power output via the PCC to the grid from power generation resources on the consumer side of the PCC, to maintain compliance with grid regulations as seen at the PCC from the grid side.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCC comprises a connection of a customer premises to the grid, electrically downstream from a grid meter.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCC comprises a connection to the grid of a neighborhood containing multiple customer premises.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCC comprises a transformer of the grid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCC includes at least one additional PCC downstream from the central grid management.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring the power generation comprises monitoring power generated by a renewable energy source at a customer premises.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the interface comprises adjusting an amount of real power output via the PCC to the grid from power generation resources on the consumer side of the PCC.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the operation on the consumer side of the PCC further comprises adjusting the operation in response to dispatch information received from the grid management.
9. An apparatus for controlling a power grid, comprising:
a grid connector to couple to the power grid at a point of common coupling (PCC) for a consumer node;
a controller to monitor power generation of a local power generation device and power demand of local loads at the PCC as seen from a consumer side of the PCC which is on a same side of the PCC as the consumer node, and electrically across the PCC from central grid management of the power grid, the consumer side being a same side of the PCC as the power generation and power demand; and
a power converter on the consumer side to control a flow of power between the PCC and the local power generation device and the local loads, including to adjust a phase offset of reactive power at the PCC with a power converter of the control node, to change a ratio of real and reactive power of the flow of power at the PCC as seen from the consumer side of the PCC and change an electrical characteristic as seen at the PCC from a grid side of the PCC, including changing an amount of reactive power output via the PCC to the grid from power generation resources on the consumer side of the PCC, to maintain compliance with grid regulations as seen at the PCC from the grid side.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the PCC comprises a connection point including a connection to the grid of a customer premises to the grid, a connection to the grid of a subsection of the grid containing multiple customer premises, a connection of a neighborhood to the grid, or a transformer of the grid infrastructure.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is to monitor the power generation including monitoring power generated by a renewable energy source at the consumer node.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the power converter is to adjust the interface including adjusting a reactive power component of power as seen from the power grid at the PCC.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the power converter is to adjust the interface including adjusting a real power component of power as seen from the power grid at the PCC.
14. A power metering device, comprising:
a grid connector to couple to the power grid at a point of common coupling (PCC) for a consumer node;
a controller to monitor power generation of a local power generation device and power demand of local loads at the PCC as seen from a consumer side of the PCC which is on a same side of the PCC as the consumer node, and electrically across the PCC from central grid management of the power grid, the consumer side being a same side of the PCC as the power generation and power demand; and
I/O (input/output) to connect to a power converter, the controller to send one or more signals via the I/O to the power converter to cause the power converter on the consumer side to control a flow of power between the PCC and the local power generation device and the local loads, including to adjust a phase offset of reactive power at the PCC with a power converter of the control node, to change a ratio of real and reactive power of the flow of power at the PCC as seen from the consumer side of the PCC and change an electrical characteristic as seen at the PCC from a grid side of the PCC, including changing an amount of reactive power output via the PCC to the grid from power generation resources on the consumer side of the PCC, to maintain compliance with grid regulations as seen at the PCC from the grid side.
15. The power metering device of claim 14 , wherein the PCC comprises a connection point including a connection to the grid of a customer premises to the grid, a connection to the grid of a subsection of the grid containing multiple customer premises, a connection of a neighborhood to the grid, or a transformer of the grid infrastructure.
16. The power metering device of claim 14 , wherein the controller is to monitor the power generation including monitoring power generated by a renewable energy source at the consumer node.
17. The power metering device of claim 14 , wherein the controller is to send a signal via the I/O to cause the power converter to adjust the interface including adjusting a reactive power component of power as seen from the power grid at the PCC.
18. The power metering device of claim 14 , wherein the controller is to send a signal via the I/O to cause the power converter to adjust the interface including adjusting a real power component of power as seen from the power grid at the PCC.