Radio frequency (RF) power harvesting circuit
View Patent ↗Aspects disclosed in the detailed description include a wireless charging circuit comprising a radio frequency (RF) power harvesting circuit. In one aspect, the RF power harvesting circuit is configured to harvest a wireless RF charging signal provided by a wireless charging station to generate a direct-current (DC) charging signal to charge a battery, for example, a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, in a battery-operated electronic device. In another aspect, a wireless charging controller controls the RF power harvesting circuit to dynamically increase or decrease an effective charging power of the DC charging signal according to a target charging power determined according to a charging profile of the battery. By dynamically adjusting the effective charging power provided to the battery according to the charging profile of the battery, it is possible to provide fast charging to the battery while protecting the battery from overcharging damage.
1. A wireless charging circuit comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power harvesting circuit configured to:
receive a wireless RF charging signal having a total RF power from a wireless charging station; and
generate a direct-current (DC) charging signal having an effective charging power based on the wireless RF charging signal received from the wireless charging station to charge a battery; and
a wireless charging controller configured to:
determine a target charging power required by the battery based on a charging profile of the battery;
compare the effective charging power in the DC charging signal against the target charging power required by the battery;
reduce the effective charging power in the DC charging signal without affecting the total RF power in the wireless RF charging signal if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power; and
increase the effective charging power in the DC charging signal without affecting the total RF power in the wireless RF charging signal if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power.
2. The wireless charging circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the RF power harvesting circuit comprises:
an RF tuner configured to receive the wireless RF charging signal from the wireless charging station and generate an alternating current (AC) charging signal, wherein the RF tuner comprises an input impedance;
an RF rectifier configured to convert the AC charging signal to generate a DC signal, the RF rectifier comprising an impedance transformation circuitry that provides a load-line impedance; and
a DC-to-DC (DC-DC) converter configured to generate the DC charging signal based on the DC signal received from the RF rectifier; and
the wireless charging controller is further configured to:
control at least one of the load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to decrease the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery; and
control the at least one of the load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to increase the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery.
3. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the wireless charging controller is further configured to adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry to mismatch the input impedance of the RF tuner if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery.
4. The wireless charging circuit of claim 3 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry by providing a first power decrease control signal to the impedance transformation circuitry.
5. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the wireless charging controller is further configured to adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry to be substantially higher than the input impedance of the RF tuner if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery.
6. The wireless charging circuit of claim 5 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry by providing a first power increase control signal to the impedance transformation circuitry.
7. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to control the DC charging signal by decreasing duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery.
8. The wireless charging circuit of claim 7 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to decrease the duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter by providing a second power decrease control signal to the DC-DC converter.
9. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to control the DC charging signal by increasing duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery.
10. The wireless charging circuit of claim 9 wherein the wireless charging controller is configured to increase the duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter by providing a second power increase control signal to the DC-DC converter.
11. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the wireless charging controller is further configured to:
if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery:
adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry to mismatch the input impedance of the RF tuner; and
decrease duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter; and
if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery:
adjust the load-line impedance of the impedance transformation circuitry to be substantially higher than the input impedance of the RF tuner; and
increase the duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter.
12. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 , wherein the RF power harvesting circuit further comprises a tunable capacitor coupled to the RF rectifier and the DC-DC converter, the tunable capacitor configured to remove voltage fluctuations in the DC signal.
13. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the RF rectifier is a single-stage rectifier.
14. The wireless charging circuit of claim 2 wherein the RF rectifier is a differential single-stage rectifier.
15. The wireless charging circuit of claim 1 wherein the RF power harvesting circuit receives the wireless RF charging signal from the wireless charging station on an industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band.
16. The wireless charging circuit of claim 1 wherein the wireless RF charging signal is a beamformed wireless RF charging signal.
17. A wireless charging circuit comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power harvesting circuit configured to:
receive a wireless RF charging signal having a total RF power from a wireless charging station; and
generate a direct-current (DC) charging signal having an effective charging power based on the wireless RF charging signal received from the wireless charging station to charge a battery; and
a wireless charging controller configured to:
determine a target charging power required by the battery based on a charging profile of the battery; and
adjust the effective charging power in the DC charging signal without affecting the total RF power in the wireless RF charging signal based on measurement of the effective charging power and the determined target charging power required by the battery.
18. The wireless charging circuit of claim 17 wherein the wireless charging controller is further configured to:
compare the effective charging power in the DC charging signal against the target charging power required by the battery;
reduce the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power; and
increase the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power.
19. The wireless charging circuit of claim 17 wherein the wireless charging controller is further configured to:
control at least one of a load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to decrease the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery; and
control the at least one of the load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to increase the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery.
20. The wireless charging circuit of claim 17 wherein:
the RF power harvesting circuit comprises:
an RF tuner configured to receive the wireless RF charging signal from the wireless charging station and generate an alternating current (AC) charging signal, wherein the RF tuner comprises an input impedance;
an RF rectifier configured to convert the AC charging signal to generate a DC signal, the RF rectifier comprising an impedance transformation circuitry that provides a load-line impedance; and
a DC-to-DC (DC-DC) converter configured to generate the DC charging signal based on the DC signal received from the RF rectifier; and
the wireless charging controller further configured to:
control at least one of the load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to decrease the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is greater than the target charging power of the battery; and
control the at least one of the load-line impedance and the DC charging signal to increase the effective charging power in the DC charging signal if the effective charging power is less than the target charging power of the battery.