End-burning propellant grain with area-enhanced burning surface
An end-burning grain of a solid rocket motor or other gas-generating device is supplemented with one or more sticks of high-burn-rate propellant embedded in a matrix of a relatively low-burn-rate propellant. The sticks increase the burning surface area as the grain burns by forming conical indentations in the surface.
1. An end-burning grain of a solid gas-generating composition, said grain having an ignition end and a longitudinal axis, said grain comprising:
a matrix propellant having a matrix propellant bum rate, wherein said matrix propellant is devoid of metallic fuels and halogen-containing additives, and
a rod of ballistic control propellant embedded in said matrix propellant, wherein said ballistic control propellant comprises nitrocellulose, an energetic plasticizer, and a high-nitrogen burning rate modifier and is devoid of ammonium perchlorate, wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from triamonoguanidium azotetrazolate (TAGzT), guanidinum azotetrazolate (GUzT), 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethane (FOX-7), 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105),
said ballistic control propellant having a ballistic control propellant bum rate that is substantially greater than said matrix propellant bum rate,
said rod terminating at said ignition end of said grain, wherein the matrix propellant and the ballistic control propellants are solid propellants.
2. The end-burning grain of claim 1 , wherein said rod is substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis.
3. The end-burning grain of claim 1 , wherein said energetic plasticizer is selected from cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), butyl nitratoethyl nitramine (BuNENA), butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), bisdinitropropylacetal/formal (BDNP A/F), and methyl/ethyl nitratoethyl nitramine (Me/Et NENA).
4. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ballistic control propellant bum rate is greater than the matrix propellant bum rate by a factor of 1.3 to 10 at 2000 psi.
5. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from guanidinium azotetrazolate (GUzT), 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethene (FOX-7), 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).
6. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT), 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethene (FOX-7), 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).
7. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT), guanidinium azotetrazolate (GUzT), 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).
8. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT), guanidinium azotetrazolate (GUzT), 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethene (FOX-7), and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).
9. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is selected from triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT), guanidinium azotetrazolate (GUzT), 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethene (FOX-7), and 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF).
10. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is guanidinium azotetrazolate (GUzT).
11. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is 1, 1-diamino-2,2-nitroethene (FOX-7).
12. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF).
13. The end-burning grain as recited in claim 4 , wherein the high-nitrogen burning rate modifier is 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).