Electric fuse current sensing systems and monitoring methods
Electrical current sensing and monitoring methods include connecting a compensation circuit across a conductor having a non-linear resistance such as a fuse element. The compensation circuit injects a current or voltage to the conductor that allows the resistance of the conductor to be determined. The current flowing in the conductor can be calculated based on a sensed voltage across the conductor once the resistance of the conductor has been determined.
1. An electrical current sensing system comprising:
a fuse housing and a fuse element in the fuse housing, the fuse element having a non-linear resistance when connected to an energized line side circuit of an electrical power system;
a compensation circuit connected in parallel with the fuse element and including a voltage or current source that injects a current or voltage across the fuse element while an electrical current is flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit, wherein the voltage or current source is configured to inject the current or voltage across the fuse element independently from the energized line side circuit; and
a processor-based control device configured to:
receive a first voltage sensed across the fuse element while the voltage or current source injects the current or the voltage across the fuse element,
determine a resistance of the fuse element in reference to the injected current or voltage while the electrical current is flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit and while the voltage or current source injects the current or the voltage across the fuse element; and
calculate the electrical current flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit based on the received first voltage and the determined resistance of the fuse element.
2. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is inside the fuse housing.
3. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is provided on a fuse holder and is exterior to the fuse housing.
4. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is provided on a disconnect switch and is exterior to the fuse housing.
5. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , further comprising a processor-based reader device in communication with the compensation circuit.
6. The electrical current sensing system of claim 5 , further comprising a label associated with the fuse element, the processor-based reader device configured to read the label and utilize information from the label to calculate the electrical current flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit.
7. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit includes a stand-alone power supply that is not derived from the energized line side circuit.
8. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit includes an alternating current source.
9. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit includes a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the processor-based control device further receives a second voltage sensed across the voltage dividing resistor, and the processor-based control device is further configured to calculate the electrical current flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit based on the received first voltage, the received second voltage, and the determined resistance.
10. A method of sensing current flow in an electrical power system via an electrical fuse including a fuse element having a non-linear resistance when connected to an energized line side circuit of the electrical power system and a compensation circuit electrically connected in parallel with the fuse element, the method comprising:
injecting, by the compensation circuit, a voltage or current across the fuse element while an electrical current is flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit, wherein the injected voltage or current is independent from the electrical current flowing from the energized line side circuit;
sensing the voltage across the fuse element while the voltage or current is being injected across the fuse element;
determining, by at least one processor-based control device, a resistance of the fuse element in reference to the injected current or voltage while the electrical current is flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit and while the current or the voltage is injected across the fuse element; and
calculating, by the at least one processor-based control device, the electrical current flowing through the fuse element from the energized line side circuit based on the sensed voltage across the fuse element and the determined resistance of the fuse element.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electrical fuse includes a fuse housing, and the method further comprises providing the compensation circuit electrically connected in parallel with the fuse element inside the fuse housing.
12. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is configured to inject only a direct current.
13. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is configured to inject only a direct current voltage.
14. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit is configured to inject only a pulsed current.
15. The electrical current sensing system of claim 5 , further comprising a remote device in communication with the reader device.
16. The electrical current sensing system of claim 15 , wherein the remote device is part of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
17. The electrical current sensing system of claim 5 , wherein the processor-based reader device wirelessly communicates with the compensation circuit.
18. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the processor-based control device is included in the compensation circuit.
19. The electrical current sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the compensation circuit injects an alternating current only.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein injecting, by the compensation circuit, a voltage or current across the fuse element comprises injecting a direct current only.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein injecting, by the compensation circuit, a voltage or current across the fuse element comprises injecting a direct current voltage only.
22. The method of claim 10 , wherein injecting, by the compensation circuit, a voltage or current across the fuse element comprises injecting a pulsed current only.
23. The method of claim 10 , wherein injecting, by the compensation circuit, a voltage or current across the fuse element comprises injecting an alternating current only.
24. The method of claim 10 , further comprising wirelessly communicating the calculated electrical current.
25. The method of claim 10 , further comprising providing the compensation circuit in a fuse holder that is configured to accept the electrical fuse.
26. The method of claim 10 , further comprising providing the compensation circuit in a disconnect switch that is configured to accept the electrical fuse.