Techniques for conductive particle based material used for at least one of propagation, emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation
An antenna system and method for fabricating an antenna are provided. The antenna system includes a substrate and an antenna. The antenna includes a conductive particle based material applied onto the substrate. The conductive particle based material includes conductive particles and a binder. When the conductive particle based material is applied to the substrate, the conductive particles are dispersed in the binder so that at least a majority of the conductive particles are adjacent to, but do not touch, one another.
1. An antenna system comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a radiating antenna element formed of a conductive particle based material comprising conductive particles dispersed in a binder so that at least a majority of the conductive particles are adjacent to, but do not touch, one another,
wherein the conductive substrate is disposed in a first layer and the radiating antenna element is disposed in a second layer that is substantially parallel to the first layer, and
wherein the conductive particle based material is applied directly onto, and without encircling, the conductive substrate.
2. The antenna system of claim 1 , further comprising a coupler for at least one of electrically, capacitively, and inductively coupling to the radiating antenna element, and for electrically coupling to a feed line.
3. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein, when a Radio Frequency (RF) signal is input to the radiating antenna element, a reverse power is lower than the reverse power of an identically formed antenna element fabricated from copper.
4. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the radiating antenna element is also a receiving antenna element.
5. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise at least one of conductive particles of different non-uniform shapes, conductive particles of various sizes, or conductive particles smaller than 30 micrometers.
6. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle based material is applied to the substrate as at least one of a liquid, a paint, a gel, an ink and a paste that dries or cures.
7. The antenna system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a protective and concealment coating applied to the radiating antenna element.
8. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the radiating antenna element is fed a Radio Frequency (RF) signal amplified by an amplifier that operates for less than an entire input cycle.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 , wherein the amplifier comprises a class C amplifier.
10. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the conductive particles that are adjacent to one another are capacitively coupled to one another.
11. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particle based material has non-ohmic conduction with direct current (DC).