Solar cell
A solar cell, including a substrate; and an electrode on at least one surface of the substrate. The electrode may be prepared from an electrode paste including tungsten oxide particles, and the electrode may have an adhesive strength of about 4 N/mm to about 6 N/mm with respect to a ribbon for interconnecting solar cells, as measured under conditions of a peeling angle of 180° and a stretching rate of 50 mm/min.
1. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate; and
an electrode on at least one surface of the substrate, wherein:
the electrode is prepared from an electrode paste including tungsten oxide particles, silver powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle,
the tungsten oxide particles are present in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1.0 wt % based on a total weight of the electrode paste,
the silver powder is present in an amount of about 60 wt % to about 95 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode paste,
glass fit includes about 5 wt % to 20 wt % of bismuth oxide, tellurium oxide, and 1 to 7 wt % of lithium oxide, the tellurium oxide and bismuth oxide being present in a combined amount of at least 85 wt % in the glass frit and a weight ratio of tellurium oxide to bismuth oxide in the glass frit being at least 4, and
the electrode has an adhesive strength of about 4 N/mm to about 6 N/mm with respect to a ribbon for interconnecting solar cells, as measured under conditions of a peeling angle of 180° and a stretching rate of 50 mm/min.
2. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the electrode is a front electrode or a rear electrode; and
the substrate includes an anti-reflection film and the front electrode sequentially formed on a front surface of the substrate or the substrate includes a back surface field layer and the rear electrode sequentially formed on a back surface of the substrate.
3. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a PN junction therein.
4. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tungsten oxide particles have an average particle diameter (D50) of about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm before baking.
5. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a textured structure on a front surface thereof.
6. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the glass frit contains about 25 mol % to about 85 mol % of elemental tellurium; and
a mole ratio of elemental bismuth to the elemental tellurium in the glass frit ranges from about 1:0.1 to about 1:50.
7. The solar cell as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the glass frit further includes one or more of phosphorus, germanium, gallium, cerium, iron, silicon, zinc, tungsten, magnesium, cesium, strontium, molybdenum, titanium, tin, indium, vanadium, barium, nickel, copper, sodium, potassium, arsenic, cobalt, zirconium, manganese, or aluminum.
8. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic vehicle is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to 30 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode paste.
9. The solar cell as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the organic vehicle is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to 7.6 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode paste.
10. The solar cell as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the organic vehicle is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to 30 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode paste.
11. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the silver powder is present in an amount of about 70 wt % to about 90 wt % based on the total weight of the electrode paste.
12. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate; and
an electrode on at least one surface of the substrate, the electrode being prepared from an electrode paste that includes 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of tungsten oxide particles, about 70 wt % to about 90 wt % of silver powder, less than 3.5 wt % of a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein:
the glass fit contains about 5 wt % to 20 wt % of bismuth oxide, more than 68 wt % of tellurium oxide, at least 5 wt % of lithium oxide, and at least 5 wt % of zinc oxide, based on the weight of the glass fit, the glass frit being lead-free, and the tellurium oxide and bismuth oxide being present in a combined amount of at least 85 wt % in the glass frit.