Authenticating identification and security documents and other objects
The present disclosure relates generally to physical object authentication. In some embodiments, methods and apparatus relate to physical object authentication through comparison of randomly or pseudo-randomly occurring features with expected features. In some cases digital watermark or other indicia is used to convey the expected features. Of course, other combinations, embodiments and features are disclosed.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an optical imager for capturing image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly occurring features, the physical object further comprising indicia provided thereon, the indicia conveying expected characteristics of the features including expected spatial positioning information relative to the physical object;
a display;
means for analyzing image or video data captured by the optical imager to obtain actual characteristics of the features, the actual characteristics of the features comprising spatial positioning information for the features on the physical object;
means for analyzing the image or video data to obtain the expected characteristics of the features;
means for, based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics of the features, providing user feedback via the display corresponding to an expected spatial positioning of the features relative to the physical object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the features.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the user feedback comprises a graphical representation of the features relative to the physical object or a graphical representation of the relative spatial positioning of the features relative to the physical object.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the apparatus is housed in a cell phone.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the apparatus comprises a personal digital assistant or a portable music player.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the indicia comprises digital watermarking.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the features comprise fibers and the expected characteristics are encrypted.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the optical imager comprises a cell phone camera.
8. A cell phone comprising:
a camera for capturing image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly occurring features, the physical object further comprising indicia provided thereon, the indicia conveying expected characteristics of the features including expected spatial positioning information relative to the physical object;
a display;
means for analyzing image or video data captured by the camera to obtain actual characteristics of the features, the actual characteristics of the features comprising spatial positioning information for the features on the physical object;
means for analyzing the image or video data to obtain the expected characteristics of the features; and
means for, based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics of the features, providing user feedback via the display corresponding to an expected spatial positioning of the features relative to the physical object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the features.
9. The cell phone of claim 8 in which the user feedback comprises a graphical representation of the features relative to the physical object or a graphical representation of the relative spatial positioning of the features relative to the physical object.
10. The cell phone of claim 8 further comprising a portable music player.
11. The cell phone of claim 8 in which the indicia comprises digital watermarking.
12. The cell phone of claim 8 in which the features comprise fibers and the expected characteristics are encrypted.
13. A method comprising:
obtaining captured image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features, the physical object further comprising indicia provided thereon, the indicia conveying expected characteristics of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features including expected spatial positioning information relative to the physical object;
evaluating the captured image or video data to obtain actual characteristics of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features, the actual characteristics of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features comprising spatial positioning information for the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features on the physical object;
decoding the captured image or video data to obtain the expected characteristics of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features;
based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features, controlling display of user feedback on a display carried by a mobile device, the user feedback corresponding to an expected spatial positioning of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features relative to the physical object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features.
14. The method of claim 13 in which the user feedback comprises a graphical representation of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features relative to the physical object or a graphical representation of the relative spatial positioning of the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features relative to the physical object.
15. The method of claim 13 in which the mobile device comprises a cell phone.
16. The method of claim 13 in which the indicia comprises digital watermarking.
17. The method of claim 13 in which the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features comprise fibers and the expected characteristics are encrypted.
18. The method of claim 13 in which the physical object comprises an identification document or security document.
19. The method of claim 18 in which the identification document or the security document comprises electronic circuitry.
20. The method of claim 13 in which the randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features comprise modulations carried by a plurality of lines.
21. The method of claim 20 in which the modulations comprise line shifting.
22. The method of claim 20 in which the modulations comprise word or character shifting.
23. The method of claim 20 in which the modulations form a unique pattern for authenticating the physical object.
24. The method of claim 20 in which the modulations are oriented with respect to a known angle of a structure provided on the physical object.
25. The method of claim 20 in which the modulations comprise contour changes to the plurality of lines.
26. A method comprising: obtaining captured image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features, the plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features comprising a plurality of lines, the plurality of lines comprising modulations forming a pattern used for authenticating the physical object, the modulations carried by line modulations or angle modulations; evaluating the captured image or video data to obtain actual characteristics of the plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features, the actual characteristics of comprising spatial positioning information for the pattern used for authenticating the physical object; obtaining expected characteristics of the pattern used for authenticating the physical object; based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics, controlling display of user feedback on a display carried by a mobile device, the user feedback facilitating a determination of authenticity of the physical object.
27. The method of claim 26 in which the user feedback corresponds to an expected spatial positioning of the plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features relative to the physical object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features.
28. The method of claim 27 in which the plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly placed features comprise a plurality of fibers.
29. The method of claim 26 in which the modulations are carried by line modulations, the line modulations comprising line shifting.
30. The method of claim 26 in which the modulations are carried by angle modulations, and in which the modulations are oriented with respect to a known angle of a structure provided on the physical object.
31. The method of claim 26 in which the modulations comprise line modulations, in which the line modulations comprise contour changes to the plurality of lines.
32. The method of claim 26 in which the pattern comprises calibration data for registering the pattern.
33. The method of claim 32 in which the pattern further comprises a plural-bit message.