Over current protection in a variable output power supply
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a switch mode power supply may include a transformer, a controller configured to generate a periodic switching signal, a switching transistor coupled between a sense node and the transformer, primarily configured to prevent or permit current flow in the transformer primary winding in accordance with the switching signal, a sense resistor coupled to the switching transistor at a sense node, and a limit circuit configured to obtain a voltage of the sense node at a particular point of the switching period as an indicator of the primary winding current, detect a duration of a demagnetizing interval, and generate a limit signal, based on the sense node voltage and the demagnetizing interval, indicating a power supply output current exceeding a limit threshold.
1. A switch mode power supply comprising:
a transformer comprising:
a primary winding configured to carry a primary current; and
a secondary winding configured to couple a secondary voltage, induced by a primary voltage, to an output;
a controller configured to generate a switching signal having a switching period comprising an on phase and an off phase;
a switching transistor including:
a control electrode configured to receive the switching signal; and
first and second output electrodes configured to form a current path, in accordance with the control electrode, between the primary winding and a sense node;
a sense resistor coupled to the sense node; and
a limit circuit configured to:
sense a voltage of the sense node at a particular point in time of the switching period;
detect a demagnetizing interval of the switching period;
generate a limit proxy in accordance with the sense node voltage and a duration of the demagnetizing interval;
perform a comparison of the limit proxy and a limit reference; and
generate a limit signal in accordance with a result of the comparison, wherein the limit circuit includes a midpoint circuit configured to:
sample the voltage of the sense node at a midpoint of the on phase;
charge a sense capacitor from an initial voltage to a charged voltage during a first on phase;
discharge the sense capacitor from the charged voltage to the initial voltage during a first half of a subsequent on phase;
generate a midpoint signal upon completion of the discharging of the sense capacitor;
close a charging switch to couple a charging current source to the sense capacitor during the first on phase; and
close a discharging switch to couple a discharging current source to the sense capacitor during a first half of a second on phase.
2. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switching signal to generate any one of a plurality of available output voltages.
3. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the midpoint circuit is configured to open the discharging switch during the first on phase and open the charging switch during the second on phase and wherein a magnitude of the charging current is one half of a magnitude of the discharging current.
4. The power supply of claim 3 , wherein the midpoint circuit includes a latch configured to:
generate a discharge cycle signal indicative of a sense capacitor voltage exceeding a particular threshold at a switching signal transition corresponding to a beginning of a switching period; and
generate a charging cycle signal indicative of the sense capacitor voltage below a particular threshold at the switching signal transition.
5. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the midpoint circuit is configured to close the charging switch during the second on phase and wherein a magnitude of the charging current is one third of a magnitude of the discharging current.
6. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the limit circuit is configured to apply the voltage of the sense node to an input of a voltage-controlled current source for the duration of the demagnetizing interval.
7. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the limit circuit includes a demagnetizing circuit configured to signal a beginning of the demagnetizing interval responsive to detecting a transition of the switching signal at an end of the on phase.
8. The power supply of claim 7 , wherein the demagnetizing circuit is configured to signal an end of the demagnetizing interval corresponding to a first occurring of two events, the two events comprising:
a discontinuous current mode end event comprising a negative transition of a switching transistor control electrode voltage; and
a continuous current mode end event comprising a transition of the switching signal at an end of the off phase.
9. The power supply of claim 8 , further comprising:
a flyback circuit configured to couple a signal indicative of an output voltage to the controller.
10. The power supply of claim 1 , further comprising:
a rectification stage configured to:
receive an AC voltage; and
produce a rectified voltage; and
a DC stage coupled between the rectification stage and the primary winding of the transformer.
11. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a pulse width modulator controller configured to control a duty cycle of the switching signal.