Resin coated proppants for water-reducing application
View Patent ↗Proppant materials, and methods for making proppant materials, are provided. In one embodiment, the proppant material comprises a substrate material, a polymeric material disposed on the substrate material, a surface wettability modifier disposed on the polymeric material, and a surfactant material disposed on the surface wettability modifier. A consolidation material may also be disposed on the polymeric material or formed as part of the polymeric material.
1. A proppant material, comprising:
a substrate material;
a polymeric material layer disposed on the substrate material;
a surface wettability modifier layer disposed on the polymeric material; and
a surfactant disposed on the surface wettability modifier layer, wherein the surfactant comprises a removable surfactant.
2. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the substrate material is a material selected from the group of inorganic substrates, organic substrates, composite substrates, and combinations thereof.
3. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material layer is a thermosetting material selected from the group of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a fluorine free and silicon free epoxy resin, a fluorine free and silicon free epoxy resin epoxy-modified novolac a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a novolac phenol-formaldehyde resin, a resole phenol-formaldehyde resins, a modified resole phenol-formaldehyde resin, a terpolymer of phenol-furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde, a polymerized furan, a polyurethane resin, a polymerized urea-aldehyde, a polymerized melamine-aldehyde, a polyester, a polyalkyd, a polymerized phenol-aldehyde, and combinations thereof.
4. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material layer is disposed in one or more layers, and each layer is a continuous or non-continuous layer.
5. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the surface wettability modifier layer is a material selected from the group of silicon-containing materials, fluorine-containing materials, acrylate materials, polyamides, and combinations thereof.
6. The proppant material of claim 5 , wherein the surface wettability modifier layer is a material selected from the group of polydimethylsiloxane, polyalkyleneoxidemethylsiloxane copolymer, methylhydrogen polysiloxane, organomodified polydimethylsiloxane siloxane polyalkyleneoxide copolymer, a polyether polymer fluorosurfactant, 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-propenoic acid, 2-[methyl[(nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester, triethoxysilylpropoxy(hexaethyleneoxy)dodecanoate, triethoxysilylpropoxy(triethyleneoxy)octadecanoate, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane or heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, and combinations thereof.
7. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the proppant material has a particle size range of about 10 mesh to about 200 mesh.
8. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the proppant material has a water contact angle from about 85° to about 130°, and a surface energy from about 20 mJ/m 2 to about 35 mJ/m 2 .
9. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is a material selected from the group of non-ionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.
10. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is a material selected from the group of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, acetylenic diols, ethoxylated acetylenic diols, derivatized acetylenic diols, alkane diols, derivatized alkane diols, and combinations thereof.
11. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises from 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. % of the proppant material.
12. The proppant material of claim 1 , wherein the surface wettability modifier layer comprises from 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. % of the proppant material.
13. The proppant material of claim 1 , further comprising a filler material dispersed throughout the polymeric material layer.
14. A method for treating a subterranean formation, comprising:
injecting a fracturing fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises a proppant material of claim 1 .
15. A pad comprising the proppant material of claim 1 .
16. The pad of claim 15 , wherein the proppant size comprises proppants from 40 mesh to 140 mesh proppant.
17. The proppant material of claim 1 , further comprising a consolidation material disposed on the polymeric material layer or disposed in the polymeric material layer.
18. The proppant material of claim 17 , wherein the consolidation material is disposed between the surface wettability modifier layer and the polymeric material layer.
19. The proppant material of claim 17 , wherein the consolidation material comprises an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or both, having a pKa from about −7 to about 7.
20. The proppant material of claim 17 , wherein the consolidation material comprises from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight, of the proppant material.
21. The proppant material of claim 17 , wherein the consolidation material is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, sulfamic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and combinations thereof.