Method and apparatus to assess early stages of peripheral distal neuropathy in diabetic patients
A method and apparatus to assess sudomotor function to detect early stage peripheral distal neuropathy. The method sends a low voltage direct current of 1 to 5 volts between pairs of electrodes for a time of between 15 and 60 seconds, switches the current at the middle of the time and measures the peak and slope of the decreased conductance. The method can be used to assess skin blood flow and/or sweat gland density depending on the direction of the current.
1. A device for detecting early stages of peripheral neuropathy, comprising:
a set of 2 to 8 tactile electrodes configured for placement on a patient's skin, wherein each tactile electrode is configured for operating both as an active and a passive electrode;
a low frequency filter coupled to one or more tactile electrodes of the set of tactile electrodes, wherein the low frequency filter generates a reference voltage signal from 1.28 V to 4 V direct current or alternating current at a frequency less than 100 Hz;
a computing device communicatively coupled with said set of tactile electrodes, the computing device configured for controlling a polarity and a sequence of activation of each tactile electrode, the computing device further configured for:
designating at least one of the set of tactile electrodes as a positive electrode and designating at least one of the set of tactile electrodes as a negative electrode;
applying a voltage via the low frequency filter from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and measuring peak conductance after switching the voltage from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, wherein if the peak conductance after switching the voltage from the positive electrode to the negative electrode is less than 65 micro Siemens or 0.83 Volts, then determining that stage 1 peripheral neuropathy is detected, and displaying said determination; and
applying a voltage via the low frequency filter from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and measuring peak conductance after switching the voltage from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, wherein if the peak conductance after switching the voltage from the negative electrode to the positive electrode is less than 90 micro Siemens or 1.23 Volts, then determining that stage 2 peripheral neuropathy is detected, and displaying said determination.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , the computing device further configured for:
applying a constant low voltage direct current from the positive electrode or the negative electrode to a contralateral electrode placed on 2 separate skin areas of the patient for a time period between 15 to 60 seconds; and
switching the low voltage direct current at a midpoint of the time period and analyzing changes in conductance, voltage, intensity or resistance.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 , the computing device further configured for:
performing electrical skin stimulation according to the following sequence: applying a voltage from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, switching polarity of the voltage that was applied from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, applying a current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and switching the polarity of the voltage from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1 , the computing device further configured for:
generating a score for detection of peripheral neuropathy based on the peak conductance that was measured.
5. A device as claimed in claim 4 , the computing device further configured for
wherein if the score that was generated is greater than 50% of a total possible score, then determining that stage 1 peripheral neuropathy and/or stage 2 peripheral neuropathy has been detected in a diabetic patient, and displaying said determination.