Milling tools with a secondary attrition system
Milling systems, tools, and methods include using a mill with secondary attrition system to re-mill cuttings and other debris away from the face of the mill. The secondary attrition system may be located uphole of the mill may be used to stage conditioning and re-sizing of debris. After debris is generated by the mill, the secondary attrition system may re-mill the debris to a finer size before allowing the debris to pass out of the sleeve. The debris may be re-milled by secondary cutting elements while within an annular gap positioned radially between the sleeve and a drive shaft for the mill. The annular gap may have a variable width as a result of a tapered outer surface of the drive shaft and/or a tapered inner surface of the sleeve. The variable width may cause debris to be re-milled into increasingly finer sizes.
1. A method of milling, comprising:
generating debris using a mill having cutting elements, the mill being coupled to a drive shaft; and
using a secondary attrition system axially offset from the mill to re-mill the debris, the secondary attrition system including a sleeve with an open lower end configured to receive the debris generated using the mill, the secondary attrition system being configured to re-mill the debris while the debris is within a gap of variable width between an inner surface of the sleeve and an outer surface of the drive shaft.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
creating a re-circulation zone that promotes re-circulation of the debris to the cutting elements prior to using the secondary attrition system to re-mill the debris.
3. The method of claim 1 , the secondary attrition system including secondary cutting elements within the gap of variable width.
4. The method of claim 3 , the secondary cutting elements including at least one of:
hardfacing;
crushed carbide; or
cutting inserts.
5. The method of claim 3 , the secondary cutting elements being coupled to at least one of the sleeve or the drive shaft.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein using a secondary attrition system to re-mill the debris includes rotating the mill and the drive shaft relative to the sleeve.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein rotating the mill and the drive shaft relative to the sleeve includes using a fluid-powered motor to rotate the drive shaft.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gap of variable width is an annular gap formed between the inner surface of the sleeve and an outer surface of a drive shaft extension.
9. A downhole milling system, comprising:
a motor including a housing and a drive shaft, the drive shaft including a tapered section and the drive shaft being configured to rotate relative to the housing;
a mill coupled to a distal end of the drive shaft;
a sleeve coupled to the housing of the motor and around at least a portion of the drive shaft defining a gap therebetween; and
at least one cutting element coupled to the sleeve or the drive shaft and positioned in the gap, the at least one cutting element being longitudinally aligned with the tapered section of the drive shaft.
10. The downhole milling system of claim 9 , the tapered section including at least one of:
a linear taper;
a parabolic taper;
a stepped taper; or
multiple tapers.
11. The downhole milling system of claim 9 , a portion of the tapered section nearer the mill having a smaller diameter than a portion of the tapered section nearer the motor.
12. The downhole milling system of claim 9 , the sleeve defining one or more openings longitudinally above the tapered section, the one or more openings being configured to allow debris milled between the sleeve and the drive shaft to exit the sleeve.