Determination and correction of frequency registration deviations for quantitative spectroscopy
A frequency registration deviation is quantified for a field spectrum collected during analysis by a spectroscopic analysis system of a sample fluid when the spectroscopic analysis system has deviated from a standard calibration state. The field spectrum is corrected based on the frequency registration deviation using at least one spectral shift technique, and a concentration is calculated for at least one analyte represented by the field spectrum using the corrected field spectrum. Related systems, methods, and articles are described.
1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
quantifying a frequency registration deviation for a field spectrum collected during analysis by a spectroscopic analysis system of a sample fluid when the spectroscopic analysis system has deviated from a standard calibration state;
correcting the field spectrum based on the frequency registration deviation using at least one spectral shift technique; and
calculating a concentration for an analyte represented by the field spectrum using the corrected field spectrum.
2. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the quantifying of the frequency registration deviation for the field spectrum comprises applying a set of calibration algorithms to the field spectrum.
3. A computer-implemented method as in claim 2 , wherein the set of calibration algorithms comprises a concentration function for the spectroscopic analysis system; and wherein the quantifying comprises:
mathematically altering a frequency registration deviation of the field spectrum to create a predetermined number of variations;
calculating one or more confidence indicators for each variation of the field spectrum after applying the concentration function to all variations of the field spectrum; and
modeling each confidence indicator or a combination of more than one confidence indicator as a single-variate function of frequency registration deviation to mathematically determine an optimum frequency registration deviation that minimizes or maximizes the confidence indicator or combination of more than one confidence indicator.
4. A computer-implemented method as in claim 3 , wherein the concentration function is based on an unmodified calibration spectral data set that does not include artificially generated frequency registration deviation spectra.
5. A computer-implemented method as claim 3 , wherein the calculating of the concentration for the analyte comprises applying the concentration function to the field spectrum variation that corresponds to the optimum frequency registration deviation.
6. A computer-implemented method as in claim 2 , wherein the set of calibration algorithms comprises an output of a calculation engine based on multivariate analysis of a set of calibration data representative of the standard calibration state of the spectroscopic analysis system.
7. A computer-implemented method as in claim 6 , wherein the set of calibration data comprise artificially generated frequency registration deviation spectra generated at design time by applying mathematical shifts to calibration spectra collected using calibration samples.
8. A computer-implemented method as in claim 2 , wherein the quantifying of the frequency registration deviation for the field spectrum comprises:
applying the set of calibration algorithms to calculate a characteristic indicator of frequency registration for the field spectrum; and
quantifying the frequency registration deviation for the field spectrum by comparing the characteristic indicator with a measured indicator of frequency registration determined from the field spectrum.
9. A computer-implemented method as in claim 8 , wherein the measured indicator of frequency registration comprises one or more spectral features and/or a spacing between the one or more spectral features.
10. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the quantifying of the frequency registration deviation for the field spectrum comprises using at least one frequency registration deviation function included in a set of calibration algorithms.
11. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the correcting comprises:
correcting the field spectrum based on a quantified measurement state frequency registration deviation using the at least one spectral shift technique.
12. A computer-implemented method as in claim 11 , wherein the at least one spectral shift technique comprises at least one of a linear shift, a nonlinear shift, a stretch of the measured spectrum, and a compression of the measured spectrum.
13. A computer-implemented method as in claim 11 , further comprising applying the at least one spectral shift technique in one or more of a purely mathematical manner, via hardware tuning, and by using a combination of mathematical corrections and hardware tuning.
14. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein at least one spectral shift technique is applied to the entire field spectrum or to one or more individual sections of the field spectrum.
15. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system comprises at least one of an absorption spectroscopic analysis system, an emission spectroscopic analysis system, a fluorescence spectroscopic analysis system, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis system, a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic analysis system, a cavity enhanced spectroscopic analysis system, a cavity ring-down spectroscopic analysis system, an integrated cavity output spectroscopic analysis system, a photoacoustic spectroscopic analysis system, and a Raman spectroscopic analysis system.
16. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system comprises a sample cell to contain the sample fluid while a beam of light passes through the sample fluid at least once.
17. A computer-implemented method as in claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system comprises a free space volume in which the sample fluid is positioned while a beam of light passes through the sample fluid at least once.
18. A system comprising:
computer hardware comprising: at least one programmable processor; and
a machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one programmable processor, cause the computer hardware to perform operations comprising:
quantifying a frequency registration deviation for a field spectrum collected during analysis by a spectroscopic analysis system of a sample fluid when the spectroscopic analysis system has deviated from a standard calibration state;
correcting the field spectrum based on the frequency registration deviation using at least one spectral shift technique; and
calculating a concentration for at least one analyte represented by the field spectrum using the corrected field spectrum.
19. A system as in claim 18 , further comprising the spectroscopic analysis system, the spectroscopic analysis system comprising at least one of a laser light source and a non-laser light source disposed to cause a beam of light to pass through the sample fluid at least once, and a detector to quantify the field spectrum.
20. A system as in claim 19 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system comprises the laser light source, which comprises one or more of a semiconductor laser, a tunable diode laser, a quantum cascade laser, an intraband cascade laser, a horizontal cavity emitting laser, a vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser, a distributed feedback laser, a distributed Bragg reflector laser, an external cavity tuned semiconductor laser, a gas discharge laser, a liquid laser, and a solid laser; or the spectroscopic analysis system comprises the non-laser light source, which comprises one or more of a light emitting diode, an incandescent source, a thermal source, a discharge source, a laser assisted source, a laser driven plasma source, a fluorescent source, a super-luminescent source, an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source, a super-continuum source, a spectrally broad source, and a widely tunable QCL source with a tunable grating type waveguide filter.
21. A system as in claim 18 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system further comprises a sample cell to contain the sample fluid while the beam of light passes through the sample fluid at least once.
22. A system as in claim 18 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis system further comprises a free space volume in which the sample fluid is positioned while a beam of light passes through the sample fluid at least once.
23. A computer program product comprising a machine-readable storage medium encoding instructions that, when executed by one or more programmable processors, cause the one or more programmable processors to perform operations comprising:
quantifying a frequency registration deviation for a field spectrum collected during analysis by a spectroscopic analysis system of a sample fluid when the spectroscopic analysis system has deviated from a standard calibration state;
correcting the field spectrum based on the frequency registration deviation using at least one spectral shift technique; and
calculating a concentration for at least one analyte represented by the field spectrum using the corrected field spectrum.