Thermoset nanocomposite particles, processing for their production, and their use in oil and natural gas drilling applications
Use of two different methods, either each by itself or in combination, to enhance the stiffness, strength, maximum possible use temperature, and environmental resistance of thermoset polymer particles is disclosed. One method is the application of post-polymerization process steps (and especially heat treatment) to advance the curing reaction and to thus obtain a more densely crosslinked polymer network. The other method is the incorporation of nanofillers, resulting in a heterogeneous “nanocomposite” morphology. Nanofiller incorporation and post-polymerization heat treatment can also be combined to obtain the benefits of both methods simultaneously. The present invention relates to the development of thermoset nanocomposite particles. Optional further improvement of the heat resistance and environmental resistance of said particles via post-polymerization heat treatment; processes for the manufacture of said particles; and use of said particles in the construction, drilling, completion and/or fracture stimulation of oil and natural gas wells are described.
1. A method for forming a gravel pack within a wellbore comprising:
(a) blending into the gravel pack formulation an effective amount of a polymeric nanocomposite particle, comprising:
a polymer matrix; and
from 0.001 to 60 volume percent of nanofiller particles possessing a length that is less than 0.5 microns in at least one principal axis direction; said nanofiller particles comprising at least one of fine particulate material, fibrous material, discoidal material, or a combination of such materials, said nanofiller particles being selected from the group consisting of natural nanoclays, synthetic nanoclays or mixtures thereof; wherein said nanofiller particles are substantially dispersed throughout said polymeric nanocomposite particles, wherein said polymeric nanocomposite particle has a diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 4 mm; and
(b) introducing the gravel pack formulation with said effective amount of the polymer nanocomposite particle into the wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanofiller particles possess a length that is less than 0.5 microns in at least one principal axis direction and an amount from 0.1% to 15% of said polymeric nanocomposite particle by volume.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric nanocomposite particle is a spherical bead.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises at least one of a thermoset epoxy, a thermoset epoxy vinyl ester, a thermoset polyester, a thermoset phenolic, a thermoset polyurethane, a thermoset polyurea, a thermoset polyimide, or mixtures thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises a terpolymer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said polymer matrix is a styrene-ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene terpolymer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanofiller is natural nanoclays.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanofiller is synthetic nanoclays.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanofiller is a mixture of natural and synthetic nanoclays.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric nanocomposite particle is blended with other solid particles including at least one of sand, resin-coated sand, ceramic and resin-coated ceramic.