Methods and systems for image artifacts reduction

1. A method to reduce image artifacts, the method comprising:

obtaining measured projection data acquired using an imaging system, wherein the measured projection data comprises a time series of measured projection images at times t=1, 2 . . . N, wherein N>2, the measured projection images including a target object and an artifact source within a radiation field of the imaging system;

reconstructing the measured projection data into prior reconstructed volume data;

estimating a trajectory of the artifact source from an initial position at the time t=1 to an end position at the time t=N based on the measured projection data and the prior reconstructed volume data;

forward projecting a model representing one or more physical properties of the artifact source to generate virtual projection data associated with the artifact source based on the model and the estimated trajectory of the artifact source, wherein the model is generated independently from reconstructing the measured projection data, wherein the virtual projection data associated with the artifact source is different from the measured projection data associated with the artifact source, and wherein the virtual projection data comprises a time series of virtual projection images including the artifact source at the times t=1, 2 . . . N;

generating corrected projection data based on the measured projection data and the virtual projection data by subtracting each of the virtual projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N from the corresponding measured projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N based on the estimated trajectory of the artifact source; and

reconstructing the corrected projection data into reconstructed volume image data to reduce image artifacts caused by the artifact source.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the artifact source is at least partially within an imaging field that is smaller than the radiation field and the corrected projection data is generated partially based on the virtual projection data to at least partially remove the artifact source from the measured projection data, to reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data, or to partially remove the artifact source from the measured projection data and reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the artifact source is outside of an imaging field that is smaller than the radiation field and the corrected projection data is generated partially based on the virtual projection data to reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reinserting the model of the artifact source into the reconstructed volume data to generate extended volume image data associated with the target object and artifact source.

5. An imaging system configured to reduce artifact in projection data, comprising:

a radiation source;

a detector;

a controller; and

a computing device, including a processor, coupled to the controller, wherein the processor is configured to:

obtain measured projection data acquired using the imaging system, wherein the measured projection data comprises a time series of measured projection images at times t=1, 2 . . . N, wherein N>2, the measured projection images including a target object and an artifact source within a radiation field of the imaging system;

reconstruct the measured projection data into prior reconstructed volume data;

estimate a trajectory of the artifact source from an initial position at the time t=1 to an end position at the time t=N based on the measured projection data and the prior reconstructed volume data;

forward project a model representing one or more physical properties of the artifact source to generate virtual projection data associated with the artifact source based on the model and the estimated trajectory of the artifact source, wherein the model is generated independently from reconstructing the measured projection data, wherein the virtual projection data associated with the artifact source is different from the measured projection data associated with the artifact source, and wherein the virtual projection data comprises a time series of virtual projection images including the artifact source at the times t=1, 2 . . . N;

generate corrected projection data based on the measured projection data and the virtual projection data by subtracting each of the virtual projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N from the corresponding measured projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N based on the estimated trajectory of the artifact source; and

reconstruct the corrected projection data into reconstructed volume image data to reduce image artifacts caused by the artifact source.

6. The imaging system of claim 5 , wherein the artifact source is at least partially within an imaging field that is smaller than the radiation field and the corrected projection data is generated partially based on the virtual projection data to at least partially remove the artifact source from the measured projection data, to reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data, or to partially remove the artifact source from the measured projection data and reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data.

7. The imaging system of claim 5 , wherein the artifact source is outside of an imaging field that is smaller than the radiation field and the corrected projection data is generated partially based on the virtual projection data to reduce errors caused by the artifact source in the measured projection data.

8. The imaging system of claim 5 , wherein the processor is further configured to reinsert the model of the artifact source into the reconstructed volume data to generate extended volume image data associated with the target object and artifact source.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that includes a set of instructions which, in response to execution by a processor of a computing device, cause the processor to perform a method to reduce image artifacts, the method comprising:

obtaining measured projection data acquired using an imaging system, wherein the measured projection data comprises a time series of measured projection images at times t=1, 2 N, wherein N>2, the measured projection images including a target object and an artifact source within a radiation field of the imaging system;

reconstructing the measured projection data into prior reconstructed volume data;

estimating a trajectory of the artifact source from an initial position at the time t=1 to an end position at the time t=N based on the measured projection data and the prior reconstructed volume data;

forward projecting a model representing one or more physical properties of the artifact source to generate virtual projection data associated with the artifact source based on the model and the estimated trajectory of the artifact source, wherein the model is generated independently from reconstructing the measured projection data, wherein the virtual projection data associated with the artifact source is different from the measured projection data associated with the artifact source, and wherein the virtual projection data comprises a time series of virtual projection images including the artifact source at the times t=1, 2 . . . N;

generating corrected projection data based on the measured projection data and the virtual projection data by subtracting each of the virtual projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N from the corresponding measured projection images at the times t=1, 2 . . . N based on the estimated trajectory of the artifact source; and

reconstructing the corrected projection data into reconstructed volume image data to reduce image artifacts caused by the artifact source.