Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
View Patent ↗Therapeutic compositions and methods for treatment of attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include dosage forms that deliver a therapeutic amount of active drug in a delayed and controlled release formulation. The dosage form can be administered at night and drug release is delayed for from 5 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a prolonged release.
1. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each comprising:
a core comprising dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
a extended release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the extended release layer,
wherein the formulation provides at least an 8 hour lag period during which the formulation releases no more than 10% of the total dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof followed by an extended release period of 10-12 hours when the composition is placed in 700 ml aqueous solution of 0.1N HCl pH 1.1, for up to 2 hours followed by hours 2-6 in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0; followed by hours 6-20 in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 at 37° C.±0.0.5° C., measured by the USP Apparatus I.
2. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the formulation releases no more than about 3% of the total dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, during the at least 8 hour lag period after administration.
3. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the formulation releases no more than about 1% of the total dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, during the at least 8 hour lag period after administration.
4. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a substantially spherical bead.
5. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises dextroamphetamine sulfate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
6. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises one or more excipients selected from polyvinyl pyrollidone, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, lactose, sucrose, and microcrystalline cellulose.
7. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is microcrystalline cellulose.
8. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a microcrystalline cellulose bead coated with a layer comprising the dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
9. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises a pH dependent polymer or copolymer that is insoluble in aqueous medium at pH lower than 6.5.
10. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimaletate, hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl acetaldiethylamino acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, shellac, methacrylic acid copolymer, or combinations of any thereof.
11. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises a plasticizer.
12. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 11 , wherein the plasticizer is dibutyl sebacate (DBS), tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, mineral oil, castor oil or a fixed oil.
13. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises methacrylic acid copolymer Type B.
14. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, mono- and diglycerides, dibutyl sebacate, and polysorbate 80.
15. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the extended release layer comprises a water-insoluble and water-permeable polymer.
16. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the extended release layer further comprises a water-soluble polymer.
17. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises one or more of a cellulose ether derivative, an acrylic resin, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters with quaternary ammonium groups, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and a methacrylic acid ester.
18. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the extended release layer comprises ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, dibutyl sebacate and magnesium stearate.
19. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles are contained in a unit dose water soluble capsule.
20. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , wherein the unit dose is from 1 mg to 150 mg dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof.
21. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each particle comprising:
a core comprising dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
an extended release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the extended release layer,
wherein when the composition is administered to a human subject in a fasted state, (i) there is a lag period of at least 8 hours during which the area under the curve of plasma concentration versus time (AUC 0-8 ) of dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof is no more than 3% of the total area under the curve (AUC 0-t ); and (ii) wherein the time to C max (T max ) is between 15 and 24 hours after administration.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the plasma area under the curve at 10 hours (AUC 0-10 ) after administration is less than about 3% of the (AUC 0-t ).
23. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the plasma area under the curve at 10 hours (AUC 0-10 ) after administration is no more than about 1% of the (AUC 0-t ).
24. The composition of claim 21 , wherein (i) the plasma area under the curve at 6 hours (AUC 0-6 ) after administration is no more than about 1% of the (AUC 0-t ); and (ii) the plasma area under the curve at 10 hours (AUC 0-10 ) after administration is no more than about 5% of the (AUC 0-t ).
25. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each particle comprising:
a substantially spherical core comprising a therapeutic amount of a dextroamphetamine sulfate or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient microcrystalline cellulose;
an extended release layer enclosing the core and comprising ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, dibutyl sebacate and magnesium stearate; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the extended release layer and comprising methacrylic acid copolymer B, mono- and di-glycerides, dibutyl sebacate, and polysorbate 80.
26. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 25 , wherein the extended release layer is coated on the core to achieve a 20-25% weight gain and the delayed release layer is coated on the extended release layer coated core to achieve an additional 20-30% weight gain.
27. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 25 , wherein the extended release layer is coated on the core to achieve a 25% weight gain and the delayed release layer is coated on the extended release layer coated core to achieve an additional 20% weight gain.