Fiber-laser pumped crystal-laser
An apparatus for generating and amplifying laser beams at approximately 1 micrometer wavelength is disclosed. The apparatus includes an ytterbium-doped gain-crystal pumped by an ytterbium fiber-laser. The fiber-laser enables a pump wavelength to be selected that minimizes heating of the gain-crystal. The apparatus can be configured for generating and amplifying ultra-fast pulses, utilizing the gain-bandwidth of ytterbium-doped gain-crystals.
1. Optical apparatus comprising:
a light source for generating a pulsed laser beam, the pulsed laser beam having a signal-wavelength;
an ytterbium-doped gain-crystal having an emission wavelength about equal to the signal-wavelength, said ytterbium-doped gain-crystal for amplifying the pulsed laser beam;
an ytterbium fiber-laser delivering a beam of laser-radiation at a pump-wavelength between 1000 nm and 1032 nm, the pump-wavelength being shorter than the signal-wavelength, the pump-wavelength beam and the signal-wavelength beam arranged to propagate collinearly;
an optical system including at least one focusing element and at least one reflective element, the optical system arranged to receive the collinear pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength beams, focus the collinear pump-wavelength and signal-wavelength beams at a common location in the gain-crystal, cause the collinear pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength beams to make a predetermined plurality of focused interactions with the gain-crystal at the common location for amplifying the signal-wavelength beam, and deliver the amplified signal-wavelength beam from the apparatus; and
wherein the amplifier apparatus has a quantum-defect less than about 4.5%, wherein the quantum-defect is defined as being the difference between the pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength divided by the signal-wavelength.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the signal-wavelength beam is delivered from a source thereof through the fiber-laser, and exits the fiber-laser collinear with the pump-wavelength beam.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pump-wavelength beam from the fiber laser and the signal-wavelength beam are combined collinearly by a beam-combiner.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the beam-combiner is a polarization-selective beam-combiner.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pump-wavelength beam from the fiber laser and the signal-wavelength beam are arranged to counter-propagate collinearly through the optical system.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pump-wavelength beam after a first complete pass through the optical system is reflected back into the optical system, collinear with the signal-wavelength beam.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the common location is inside the gain-crystal and spaced from surfaces of the gain-crystal.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the common location is adjacent a first surface of the gain-crystal opposite a second surface of the gain-crystal where the pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength beams first enter the crystal and wherein the first surface of the gain-crystal includes a coating reflective for the pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength beams.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ytterbium-doped gain-crystal is a crystal of a material selected from the group of materials consisting of YAG, calcium fluoride, CALGO, and KGW.
10. Optical apparatus comprising:
a light source for generating a pulsed laser beam, the pulsed laser beam having a signal-wavelength;
a ytterbium doped gain-crystal, the gain-crystal having an emission wavelength about equal to the signal-wavelength, the gain-crystal having an absorption wavelength about equal to a pump-wavelength, the signal-wavelength being longer than the pump-wavelength, the gain-crystal having a quantum-defect less than about 4.5%, wherein the quantum-defect is defined as the difference between the pump-wavelength and the signal-wavelength divided by the signal-wavelength, the gain crystal for amplifying the pulsed laser beam;
a pump laser delivering a beam of laser radiation at the pump-wavelength between 1000 nm and 1032 nm, the pump-wavelength beam and the signal-wavelength beam arranged to propagate collinearly; and
an optical system including at least one focusing element and at least one reflective element, the optical system arranged to receive the collinear pump-wavelength and signal-wavelength beams, focus the collinear pump-wavelength and signal-wavelength beams to a common location in the gain-crystal, and cause the collinear pump-wavelength and signal-wavelength beams to make a predetermined plurality of focused interactions within the gain-crystal, for energizing the gain-crystal and amplifying the focused signal-beam, the optical system arranged to deliver the amplified signal-wavelength beam from the apparatus.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the host material is YAG.