Systems and methods for risk assessment and treatment planning of arterio-venous malformation

1. A computer implemented method for assessing an arterio-venous malformation (AVM), the method comprising:

receiving a patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model of a portion of an anatomy of a patient, including one or more blood vessels having one or more vessel walls;

identifying, using a computer processor, one or more blood vessels of the patient-specific model associated with the AVM;

performing a blood flow simulation through the one or more identified blood vessels having the one or more vessel walls of the patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model;

calculating one or more vessel wall properties of the one or more vessel walls, comprising intramural stresses or wall stresses, using the blood flow simulation and a stress equilibrium equation;

estimating a risk of an undesirable outcome caused by the AVM based on the calculated vessel wall properties; and

evaluating one or more treatments of the AVM, by modifying the patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model and performing a second blood flow simulation through the modified patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model, wherein the evaluating comprises first identifying larger blood vessels of the AVM for intervention.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient-specific model is based on images of at least a portion of a vascular system of the patient.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the undesirable outcome includes one or more of rupture of a blood vessel, a mass effect, an increase in venous pressure, and a change in tissue perfusion.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood flow simulation includes simulating or predicting progression, regression, or remodeling of the AVM.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaluating the one or more treatments includes:

identifying one or more blood vessels for treatment;

determining an effect on blood flow caused by treatment of the one or more blood vessels; and

assessing a change the risk of the undesirable outcome.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the treatment includes one or more of embolization of the one or more blood vessels, ablation of the one or more blood vessels, surgical removal of all or part of the AVM, or radiosurgery.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising estimating the risk of the undesirable outcome based on a homeostatic vessel state.

8. A system for assessing an arterio-venous malformation (AVM), the system comprising:

a data storage device storing instructions for assessing an arterio-venous malformation (AVM); and

a processor configured to execute the instructions to perform a method comprising the steps:

receiving a patient-specific, three-dimensional anatomic model of a portion of an anatomy of a patient, including one or more blood vessels having one or more vessel walls;

identifying, using a computer processor; one or more blood vessels of the patient-specific model associated with the AVM;

performing a blood flow simulation through the one or more identified blood vessels having the one or more vessel walls of the patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model;

calculating one or more vessel wall properties of the one or more vessel walls, comprising intramural stresses or wall stresses, using the blood flow simulation and a stress equilibrium equation;

estimating a risk of an undesirabl outcome caused by the AVM based on the calculated vessel wall properties; and

evaluating one or more treatments of the AVM, by modifying the patient- specific three-dimensional anatomic model and performing a second blood flow simulation through the modified patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model, wherein the evaluating comprises first identifying larger blood vessels of the AVM for intervention.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the patient-specific model is based on images of at least a portion of a vascular system of the patient.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the undesirable outcome includes one or more of rupture of a blood vessel, a mass effect, an increase in venous pressure, and a change in tissue perfusion.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the blood flow simulation includes simulating or predicting progression, regression, or remodeling of the AVM.

12. The system of claim 8 , wherein evaluating the one or more treatments includes:

identifying one or more blood vessels for treatment; and

determining an effect on blood flow caused by treatment of the one or more blood vessels.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the treatment includes one or more of embolization of the one or more blood vessels, ablation of the one or more blood vessels, surgical removal of all or part of the AVM, or radiosurgery.

14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the processor is further configured for estimating the risk of the undesirable outcome based on a homeostatic vessel state.

15. A non-transitory computes-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method for assessing an arterio-venous malformation (AVM), the method comprising;

receiving a patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model of a portion of an anatomy of a patient, including one or more blood vessels having one or more vessel walls;

identifying, using a computer processor, one or more blood vessels of the patient-specific model associated with the AVM;

performing a blood flow simulation through the one or more identified blood vessels having the one or more vessel walls of the patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model;

calculating one or more vessel wall properties of the one or more vessel walls, comprising intramural stresses or wall stresses, using the blood flow simulation and a stress equilibrium equation; estimating a risk of an undesirable outcome caused by the AVM based on the calculated vessel wall properties; and

evaluating one or more treatments of the AVM, by modifying the patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model and performing a second blood flow simulation through the modified patient-specific three-dimensional anatomic model, wherein the evaluating comprises first identifying larger blood vessels of the AVM for intervention.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the undesirable outcome includes one or more of rupture of a blood vessel, a mass effect, an increase in venous pressure, and a change in tissue perfusion.

17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising evaluating one or more treatments of the AVM, including:

identifying one or more blood vessels for treatment;

determining an effect on blood flow caused by treatment of the one or more blood vessels; and

assessing a change the risk of the undesirable outcome.

18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising estimating the risk of the undesirable outcome based on a homeostatic vessel state.