Method of reducing atmospheric ammonia in livestock and poultry containment facilities
View Patent ↗Methods are provided for the treatment of livestock or poultry confinement facilities equipped with manure collection zones (e.g., a manure pit or litter), in order to reduce and mitigate the effects of gaseous ammonia within the facility. The treatment involves application of an aqueous mixture including a partial calcium salt of a maleic-itaconic copolymer and a partial ammonium salt of a maleic-itaconic copolymer. Preferably, the amount of the partial calcium salt copolymer is greater than the amount of the partial ammonium salt copolymer. The treatment methods provide prompt and lasting reductions in gaseous ammonia within the confinement facility.
1. A method of treating a livestock or poultry confinement facility to reduce and mitigate the effects of gaseous ammonia within the facility, said facility having a manure collection zone, upright walls forming an enclosure, and a roof substantially covering said zone, said method comprising the step of applying a treatment material to said manure within said zone in an amount of from about 0.005-3 gallons of said material per ton of manure and effective to lower the concentration of gaseous ammonia within said facility, said material comprising an aqueous mixture including a partial calcium salt of a maleic-itaconic copolymer and a partial ammonium salt of a maleic-itaconic copolymer, said material having a pH of from about 1-5.
2. The method of claim 1 , said collection zone comprising a manure pit, and applying step comprising the step of pouring said treatment material into the pit.
3. The method of claim 1 , said collection zone comprising a floor structure having litter thereon, with said manure mixed with the litter, said applying step comprising the step of spraying said material onto the manure-litter mixture.
4. The method of claim 1 , said level being from about 0.01-2.5 gallons of the material per ton of manure.
5. The method of claim 1 , said pH being from about 2-4.
6. The method of claim 1 , said material comprising from about 40-80% by weight of partial calcium salt copolymer solids, and from about 20-60% by weight of said partial ammonium salt copolymer solids, with the total amount of the solids taken as 100% by weight.
7. The method of claim 6 , said material comprising from about 55-75% by weight of said partial calcium salt copolymer solids and from about 25-45% by weight of said partial ammonium salt copolymer.
8. The method of claim 1 , each of said partial salt copolymers having at least about 85% by weight of maleic and itaconic moieties therein.
9. The method of claim 8 , each of said partial salt copolymers having at least about 93% by weight of maleic and itaconic moieties therein.
10. The method of claim 9 , each of said partial salt copolymers consisting essentially of maleic and itaconic moieties.
11. The method of claim 1 , each of said partial salt copolymers comprising from about 10-90% maleic moieties and from 90-10% itaconic moieties.
12. The method of claim 11 , each of said partial salt copolymers having substantially equimolar amounts of said maleic and itaconic moieties.
13. The method of claim 1 , said material having a solids content of from about 30-60% by weight.
14. The method of claim 1 , each of said partial salt copolymers having the generalized formula
where some of said X cations are H, and others of said X cations are Ca in the case of the partial calcium salt copolymer and ammonium in the case of the partial ammonium salt copolymer, and p ranges from about 10-50.
15. The method of claim 1 , said confinement facility selected from the group consisting of dairy, hog, calving, farrowing, and finishing barns, and poultry coops and barns.
16. The method of claim 1 , said treating material serving to reduce the amount of gaseous ammonia within said confinement facility by a level of at least about 50% within 24 hours after said application.