Systems and methods for supplying treatment liquids having nanobubbles

1. A cleaning system comprising:

a liquid source configured to provide a feed liquid;

an electrolysis cell configured to receive the feed liquid and to electrochemically activate the feed liquid to provide an electrochemically-activated liquid;

a control circuit, which is configured to control a flow rate of the feed liquid through the electrolysis cell and a current drawn by the electrolysis cell such that the electrochemically activated liquid comprises a concentration of at least 1×10 6 /ml of nanobubbles having a diameter of 10 nm to 450 nm when the feed liquid comprises a Reference Solution, wherein the Reference Solution, prior to electrolysis, comprises the following properties:

deionized water (ASTM D1193-91, Type II) and a sufficient amount of an Analytical Reagent (AR) grade NaCl to achieve a conductivity of 250 μS, and filtered with a 20 nm filter;

temperature at 21-25° C. (69.9-77.0° F.);

Zeta Potential (ζ) of −5 mV to −65 mV;

nanoparticle concentration under 1 E+6/ml; and

electrolyzed by the electrolysis cell within one hour of creating the Reference Solution; and

a dispenser configured to dispense the electrochemically-activated liquid.

2. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid comprises a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 15 nm to 200 nm of at least 1×10 6 /ml, a Zeta potential of −25 mV to −65 mV, and is super-saturated with dissolved gas.

3. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid comprises a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 20 nm to 225 nm of at least 1×10 6 /ml.

4. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid comprises a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 20 nm to 225 nm of at least 1×10 8 /ml and a Zeta potential of −10 mV to −100 mV.

5. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid has a concentration of dissolved oxygen at least 20% above a dissolved oxygen saturation limit for the electrochemically-activated liquid.

6. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid comprises a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 15 nm to 200 nm of 1×10 6 to 1×10 8 and a Zeta potential of +0 mV to −105 mV.

7. The cleaning system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured such that, when the feed liquid comprises the Reference Solution, the electrochemically-activated liquid comprises a concentration of nanobubbles having a diameter of 20 nm to 225 nm of 1×10 6 /ml to 1×10 20 /ml and a Zeta potential of −10 mV to −100 mV.

8. The cleaning system of claim 1 , further comprising:

an electro-mechanical pump to pump the feed liquid from the liquid source to the electrolysis cell, the control circuit being configured to control the pump.

9. The cleaning system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a motorized scrub head configured to scrub the surface, wherein the dispenser dispenses the electrochemically-activated liquid within the scrub head; and

a recovery device configured to recover at least a portion of the dispensed electrochemically-activated liquid from the surface.