Mass transfer apparatus and method for separation of gases
A process and apparatus for separating components of a source gas is provided in which more soluble components of the source gas are dissolved in an aqueous solvent at high pressure. The system can utilize hydrostatic pressure to increase solubility of the components of the source gas. The apparatus includes gas recycle throughout multiple mass transfer stages to improve mass transfer of the targeted components from the liquid to gas phase. Separated components can be recovered for use in a value added application or can be processed for long-term storage, for instance in an underwater reservoir.
1. A method for separating components of a gaseous stream comprising:
supplying an aqueous liquid stream to an upper end of a gas injection module of a mass transfer stage of a separation apparatus, the separation apparatus including an upper end and a lower end, the lower end of the separation apparatus being beneath a land or water surface, the upper end of the separation apparatus being at a lower hydrostatic pressure than the lower end of the separation apparatus, the aqueous liquid stream flowing from the upper end of the gas injection module to a gas absorption module adjacent to and below the gas injection module and thence to a gas separation module adjacent to and below the gas absorption module, the aqueous liquid stream exiting the mass transfer stage at a lower end of the gas absorption module;
supplying a first gaseous stream to the gas injection module, the first gaseous stream being supplied to the gas injection module such that the first gaseous stream enters the gas injection module and contacts the aqueous liquid stream as a stream of bubbles, the first gaseous stream including a first component and a second component, the first component being more soluble in the aqueous liquid than the second component;
wherein the aqueous liquid stream carries the bubbles as the aqueous liquid stream flows down through the gas absorption module, at least a portion of the first component of the first gaseous stream dissolving into the aqueous liquid as the bubbles are carried down through the gas absorption module;
the bubbles collecting at a gas trap of the gas separation module and forming a second gaseous stream, a gas outlet at the gas trap allowing the second gaseous stream to exit the gas separation module, a second outlet of the gas separation module allowing the aqueous liquid stream carrying at least a portion of the first component to exit the mass transfer stage; and
the aqueous liquid stream returning to the upper end of the separation apparatus via a return line following exit of the aqueous liquid stream from the lower end of the gas absorption module, the return line including a gas trap, the dissolved first component exsolving from the aqueous liquid stream as the aqueous liquid stream returns to the lower hydrostatic pressure, the exsolved first component being collected at the gas trap.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gaseous stream is supplied at a pressure of about 1000 pounds per square inch or greater.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the second gaseous stream from the gas separation module to a second gas injection module.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process is repeated in multiple mass transfer stages, the mass transfer stages being in fluid communication and in series with one another.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the exsolved first component.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the aqueous liquid following exsolving of the first component to the gas injection module of the mass transfer stage.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising compressing the first gaseous stream.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first component is carbon dioxide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gaseous stream is an off-gas stream from a manufacturing or power generation facility.