This invention relates to mutant enzymes with enhanced properties and processes for oxidation of organic compound substrates using such enzymes.
1. A process for oxidising a substrate which is an organic compound, comprising the step of contacting said organic compound substrate with a mutant CYP102A1 (Cytochrome P450 family 102 sub-family A member No. 1) enzyme, wherein said CYP102A1 enzyme comprises:
(a) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(b) amino acid residues 1-480 of CYP102A1 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(c) a homologue of (a) or (b) of the CYP102 family having at least 80% identity to amino acids 1-480 of CYP102A1 of SEQ ID NO:2; or
(d) an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to the amino acid sequence of (a), (b) or (c),
wherein the mutant of (a), (b), (c) or (d) comprises substitutions at amino acid residue positions in the polypeptide chain corresponding to amino acid residue positions 47, 51 and 307 of SEQ ID NO: 2, thereby enhancing the monooxygenase activity of the mutant enzyme of (a), (b), (c) or (d).
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein said substrate is a short-chain alkane, or a substituted derivative thereof, or is an aromatic compound, or an alkylbenzene, or a substituted derivative thereof, wherein a substituted derivative is capable of being oxidised by the mutant CYP102A1 (Cytochrome P450 family 102 sub-family A member No. 1) enzyme.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said substrate is a halo aromatic compound or an acyclic or cyclic terpene or a terpenoid or a sesquiterpene or a damascone or ionone, or a cycloalkene, or a saturated fatty acid; or a substituted derivative thereof, wherein a substituted derivative is capable of being oxidised by the mutant CYP102A1 (Cytochrome P450 family 102 sub-family A member No. 1) enzyme.
4. The process according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein said short chain alkane is pentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-methylbutane, butane, propane, ethane and methane; or wherein said alkylbenzene is propylbenzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, butylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, o-oxylene, m-xylene, cumene, p-cymene, and ethylanisole; or wherein the aromatic compound is naphthalene or fluorene; or wherein said monoterpene is limonene or pinene; or wherein said sesquiterpene is valencene or caryophyllene; or wherein said ionone is β-ionone; or wherein said saturated fatty acid is lauric acid or decanoic acid.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound substrate is oxidized in a cell which expresses said enzyme.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mutant CYP102A1 enzyme comprises a mutation selected from the group consisting of Q307H, Q307N, Q307S, Q307T and Q307Y.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the mutant CYP102A1 enzyme additionally comprises substitutions at one or more of positions 82, 87, 171, 263, 267, 319 and 328.
8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the mutant CYP102A1 enzyme comprises mutations selected from one or more of R47L, Y51F, A82L, F87A, F87G, F87L, H171L, I263A, E267V, N319Y, A328V and other similar amino acid changes at positions 47, 51, 82, 87, 171, 263, 267, 319 and 328.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the mutant CYP102A1 enzyme comprises the group of mutations F87A/H171L/Q307H/N319Y.
10. A process for oxidising a substrate which is a cycloalkene, an acyclic or cyclic terpene or a terpenoid or a sesquiterpene or an ionone or damascone, comprising the step of contacting said organic compound substrate with a mutant CYP102A1 (Cytochrome P450 family 102 sub-family A member No. 1) enzyme, wherein said CYP102A1 enzyme comprises:
(a) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(b) amino acid residues 1-480 of CYP102A1 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(c) a homologue of (a) or (b) of the CYP102 family having at least 80% identity to amino acids 1-480 of CYP102A1 of SEQ ID NO:2; or
(d) an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to the amino acid sequence of (a), (b) or (c),
wherein the mutant of (a), (b), (c) or (d) comprises a substitution at an amino acid residue position in the polypeptide chain corresponding to amino acid residue position 307 of SEQ ID NO: 2, thereby enhancing the monooxygenase activity of the mutant enzyme of (a), (b), (c) or (d).