Methods of predicting mortality risk by determining telomere length
The present invention provides for methods of determining telomere length of an organism and correlating the measured telomere length with mortality risk associated with telomere length in a population. The presence of shorter telomeres is associated with an increased mortality rate and increased susceptibility to certain types of diseases for an individual member of a human population.
1. A method for predicting risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in an individual, said method comprising:
a) determining a T/S value of the individual, wherein the T/S value is determined by polymerase chain reaction;
b) comparing the T/S value of the individual in step a) to a T/S value range of an age-matched population; and
c) correlating the individual's T/S value in step a) with the risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in the age-matched population.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the T/S value is determined from blood.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the T/S value is determined from lymphoid cells.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said lymphoid cells comprise T cells.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the age-matched population is within about 10 years of the age of the individual.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the age-matched population is within about 5 years of the age of the individual.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the T/S value is determined by determining the individual's telomere to single copy gene ratio.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the T/S value is determined by calculating the Ct value by amplifying the individual's telomere sequences and a single copy gene and calculating the Ct value by the formula: [2 Ct(telomeres) /2 Ct(single copy gene) ] −1 =2 −ΔCt .
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the age-matched population is within about 1 year of the age of the individual.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising determining a relative T/S ratio and comparing the relative T/S ratio of the individual to a relative T/S ratio range of the age-matched population.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the T/S value is lower than the age-matched population, indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in the individual.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the relative T/S ratio is lower than the age-matched population, indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in the individual.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerase chain reaction comprises tel 1b, CGGTTTGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 6), and tel 2b, GGCTTGCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCT (SEQ ID NO: 7) primers.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerase chain reaction comprises 36B4u, CAGCAAGTGGGAAGGTGTAATCC (SEQ ID NO: 8), and 36B4d, CCCATTCTATCATCAACGGGTACAA (SEQ ID NO: 9) primers.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
c) determining a T/S value of the individual at a second time point, and
d) determining a change in the T/S value taken at the second time point when compared to the T/S value determined in step a), wherein the T/S value of the individual in a) was taken at the first time point.
16. A method for predicting risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in an individual, said method comprising:
a) determining telomere length by determining a T/S value of the individual, wherein the T/S value is determined by polymerase chain reaction;
b) comparing the telomere length of the individual in step a) to a telomere length range of an age-matched population; and
c) correlating the individual's telomere length in step a) with the risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in the age-matched population.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the age-matched population is within about 10 years of the age of the individual.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the age-matched population is within about 5 years of the age of the individual.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the T/S value is determined by calculating the Ct value by amplifying the individual's telomere sequences and a single copy gene and calculating the Ct value by the formula: [2 Ct(telomeres) /2 Ct(single copy gene) ] −1 =2− ΔCt .
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polymerase chain reaction comprises:
a) tel 1b, CGGTTTGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 6), and tel 2b, GGCTTGCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCT (SEQ ID NO: 7) primers; and/or
b) 36B4u, CAGCAAGTGGGAAGGTGTAATCC (SEQ ID NO: 8), and 36B4d, CCCATTCTATCATCAACGGGTACAA (SEQ ID NO: 9) primers.
21. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
c) determining a T/S value of the individual at a second time point, and
d) determining a change in the T/S value taken at the second time point when compared to the T/S value determined in step a), wherein the T/S value of the individual in a) was taken at the first time point.