Use of non-fluorinated or partially fluorinated urethanes in coatings

1. A method for imparting surface effects to a substrate comprising contacting all or a portion of a surface of the substrate with a coating composition comprising a coating base and at least one hydrophobic compound having at least one linkage of Formula I:

—NHC(O)—X—  (I)

wherein

X is the residue of a cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol which is substituted with at least two —R 1 ; —C(O)R 1 ; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ; or mixtures thereof;

where the cyclic or acyclic sugar alcohol is selected from a saccharide, reduced sugar, aminosaccharide, aldonic acid, or aldonic acid lactone; wherein

each n is independently 0 to 20;

each m is independently 0 to 20;

m+n is greater than 0;

each R 1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond; and

each R 2 is independently —H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond, or mixtures thereof; and

wherein the hydrophobic compound has no unreacted isocyanate groups.

2. The method of claim 1 , where X is 100% bio-based derived.

3. The method of claim 1 , where X is selected from Formulas (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc):

wherein each R is independently a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula I; —H; —R 1 ; —C(O)R 1 ; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ;

each n is independently 0 to 20;

each m is independently 0 to 20;

m+n is greater than 0;

r is 1 to 3;

a is 0 or 1;

p is independently 0 to 2;

provided that a is 0 when r is 3;

each R 1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond;

each R 2 is independently —H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond; or a mixtures thereof,

provided when X is Formula (IIa), then at least one R is a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula 1; and at least two R groups are a —R 1 ; —C(O)R 1 ; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ;

each R 4 is independently a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula I; —H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond, or combinations thereof; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ;

provided when X is Formula (IIb), then at least one R or R 4 is a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula 1; and at least two R or R 4 are a linear or branched alkyl group optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond, or combinations thereof; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 ; and

each R 19 is a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula I; —H, —C(O)R 1 , or —CH 2 C[CH 2 OR] 3 ,

provided when X is Formula (IIc), then at least one R 19 or R is a direct bond to NHC(O) of Formula I; and at least two R 19 or R are —C(O)R 1 , —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 .

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic compound further comprises at least one moiety Q to form Formula (I′):

-Q-NHC(O)—X—  (I′)

where Q is a monovalent, divalent, or polyvalent moiety selected from linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, alkylene groups optionally containing at least one group selected from alkoxy, phenyl, siloxane, urethane, urea, biuret, uretdione, cyclized isocyanate, allophanate, or isocyanurate.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein Q is selected from Formulas (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) and (IIId):

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic compound further comprises at least one linkage selected from Formulas (IVa), (IVb), (IVc), or mixtures thereof:

R 6 -D  (IVa),

R 15 —(OCH 2 CH(OR 16 )CH 2 ) z —OR 17   (IVb),

—NH—C(O)—NH—X  (IVc)

wherein D is selected from —N(R 12 )—C(O)—NH—, —OC(O)NH—, —C(O)NH—, —SC(O)NH—, —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) s (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) t —C(O)NH—, or —[C(O)]—O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) s (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) t —C(O)NH—;

X is defined as above;

R 6 is selected from a —C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl optionally comprising at least one unsaturated group, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched C 1 to C 30 polyether, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched polyester having a polyester polymer backbone, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched organosiloxane, an amine- or urea-functional linear or branched organosiloxane, a thiol- or thiocarbonate functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl, an amine- or urea-functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl,

wherein

R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are each independently, —H, —C 1 to C 6 alkyl, or combinations thereof;

R 10 is a divalent alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons;

R 12 is —H or a monovalent C 1 to C 6 alkyl group;

R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are each independently a —H; —C(O)NH—, —R 18 ; —C(O)R 18 provided that at least one R 15 , R 16 , or R 17 is a —C(O)NH—;

R 18 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbons optionally comprising at least 1 unsaturated bond;

z is 1 to 15;

Y is Cl;

s is an integer of 0 to 50;

t is an integer of 0 to 50; and

s+t is greater than 0.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein X is selected from Formula (IIa) to be Formula (IIa′):

wherein R is further limited to independently a direct bond to NHC(O), —H; —R 1 ; or —C(O)R 1 .

8. The method of claim 3 wherein X is selected from Formula (IIa) to be Formula (IIa′):

wherein R is further limited to independently a direct bond to

NHC(O), —H; —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m R 2 ; or

—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) m C(O)R 1 .

9. The method of claim 1 wherein X is selected from Formula (IIb).

10. The method of claim 1 wherein X is selected from Formula (IIc).

11. The method of claim 6 , wherein a linkage of Formula (IVa) is present, and D is —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) s (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) t —C(O)NH—, or —[C(O)]—O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) s (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 O) t —C(O)NH—.

12. The method of claim 6 , wherein a linkage of Formula (IVa) is present,

D is —N(R 12 )—C(O)—NH—, —OC(O)NH—, —C(O)NH—, or —SC(O)NH—; and

R 6 is selected from a —C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl optionally comprising at least one unsaturated group, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched C 1 to C 30 polyether, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched polyester having a polyester polymer backbone, a hydroxy- or urethane-functional linear or branched organosiloxane, an amine- or urea-functional linear or branched organosiloxane, a thiol- or thiocarbonate functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl, or an amine- or urea-functional C 1 to C 30 linear or branched alkyl.

13. The method of claim 6 , wherein a linkage of Formula (IVb) is present.

14. The method of claim 1 , where the coating base is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, epoxy polymer, vinyl polymer, and polyurethane polymer in the form of an interior house paint, exterior house paint, stain, or clear coating.

15. The method of claim 1 , where the coating base is selected from the group consisting of a proppant particle treatment solution; treatment solution for concrete, brink tile, granite, limestone, marble, statuary, or mortar; floor finish; polishing agent; and floor polish.

16. The method of claim 1 , where the surface effect is selected from decreased surface tension, resistance to blocking, oil repellency, water repellency, stain resistance, dirt pickup resistance, increased contact angle, or increased wetting and leveling of the coating surface.

17. The method of claim 1 , where the substrate comprises proppant particles, unglazed concrete, brick, tile, granite, limestone, marble, grout, mortar, statuary, monuments, wood, composite materials, terrazzo, gypsum board, and wall and ceiling panels.

18. A coating composition made by the method of claim 1 .