External Auxiliary Thermal Management System for an Electric Vehicle
An auxiliary thermal management system is provided that can be used to supplement an electric vehicle's on-board thermal management system during charging, thereby allowing a fast charging system to be used without adding weight or taking up packaging volume in the EV. The auxiliary system is configured to allow it to force cooled, or heated, air through the radiator of the on-board thermal management system. An air duct, which may be adjusted in order to accommodate a wide range of EVs, provides efficient transfer of conditioned air to the on-board radiator.
1 . An auxiliary thermal management system for use with an electric vehicle (EV), wherein said auxiliary thermal management system is external to and independent of said EV and wherein said auxiliary thermal management system is co-located with a battery pack charging system, said EV comprising an on-board thermal management system thermally coupled to a battery pack, wherein said battery pack is electrically connected to a propulsion motor, said on-board thermal management system further comprising a plurality of coolant conduits in thermal communication with said battery pack and a pump for circulating a coolant through said plurality of coolant conduits and a radiator, wherein said radiator is mounted to said EV, said auxiliary thermal management system comprising:
a refrigerant-based thermal control loop, said refrigerant-based thermal control loop comprising a refrigerant, a compressor and a condenser;
a refrigerant-air heat exchanger thermally coupled to said refrigerant-based thermal control loop;
a duct configured to couple an output surface of said refrigerant-air heat exchanger to an input surface of said radiator when said EV is parked proximate to said condenser and proximate to said auxiliary thermal management system; and
a blower fan configured to force air through said refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and through said output surface of said refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and through said duct, and through said input surface of said radiator.
2 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising an expansion valve, wherein said expansion valve in a first position decouples said refrigerant-based thermal control loop from said refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and wherein said expansion valve in a second position couples said refrigerant-based thermal control loop to said refrigerant-air heat exchanger.
3 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 2 , wherein said expansion valve is adjustable within a range of positions from said first position to said second position, and wherein said range of positions varies a refrigerant flow rate from said refrigerant-based thermal control loop through said refrigerant-air heat exchanger.
4 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a heater, said heater configured to heat air forced through said refrigerant-air heat exchanger prior to said air passing through said duct.
5 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a second blower fan configured to force air through said condenser.
6 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising an auxiliary thermal management system controller, wherein a battery management system (BMS) controller corresponding to said on-board thermal management system is configured to connect to said auxiliary thermal management system controller when said battery pack is coupled to said battery pack charging system.
7 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein said BMS controller is configured to connect to said auxiliary thermal management system controller via a wireless connection.
8 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein said BMS controller is configured to connect to said auxiliary thermal management system controller via a wired connection.
9 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein said auxiliary thermal management system controller is configured to control operation of said auxiliary thermal management system based on data acquired via said BMS controller.
10 . The auxiliary thermal management system of claim 6 , wherein said BMS controller is configured to control operation of said auxiliary thermal management system via said auxiliary thermal management system controller.