Vehicle energy-storage systems having parallel cooling
Provided are systems for vehicle energy storage having parallel cooling comprising a plurality of modules. Each module may comprise two half modules coupled together. Each half module can include a plurality of battery cells. A current carrier of each half module may be electrically coupled to the cells. The cells may be disposed between the current carrier and a plate. Each half module can have the cells, current carrier, and blast plate disposed in an enclosure. The enclosure can have a coolant sub-system for circulating coolant in parallel to the plurality of cells such that each of the battery cells is at approximately the same predetermined temperature. The modules may be disposed in a tray. A coolant system may be provided for circulating coolant across the plurality of modules in parallel such that each of the modules can be maintained at approximately the same predetermined temperature.
1. An energy-storage system having parallel cooling comprising:
a plurality of modules, each module comprising two half modules coupled together, each half module including, separate from each other half module:
a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells being cylindrical rechargeable battery cells each having a first end and a second end, the first end distal from the second end, and having an anode terminal and a cathode terminal being disposed at the first end;
a current carrier electrically coupled to the battery cells, the cathode terminal of each of the battery cells being coupled to a respective first contact of the current carrier, the anode terminal of each of the battery cells being coupled to a respective second contact of the current carrier;
a plate disposed substantially parallel to the current carrier such that the battery cells are disposed between the current carrier and the plate; and
an enclosure having the battery cells, current carrier, and plate disposed therein, the enclosure comprising:
a male coolant input port;
a female coolant input port;
a male coolant output port;
a female coolant output port; and
a power connector electrically coupled to the current carrier, the enclosure having a coolant sub-system for circulating liquid coolant flowing into the enclosure through the male or female coolant input port and out of the enclosure through the male or female coolant output port in parallel to the plurality of battery cells such that each of the battery cells is at approximately the same predetermined temperature;
a tray having the plurality of modules disposed therein, wherein the female coolant input port of the first half module couples to the male coolant input port of the second half module such that input coolant that flows into the second half module also flows through the male coolant input and female coolant input ports of the first half module along a linear flow path parallel to an x-axis, the x-axis parallel to cylinder axes of the cylindrical rechargeable battery cells; and
a coolant system for circulating liquid coolant flowing into the tray across the plurality of modules in parallel such that each of the modules is maintained at approximately the predetermined temperature.
2. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the coolant system creates a pressure gradient for coolant flowing into and out of each module of the plurality of modules disposed in the tray, the pressure gradient providing circulation of the coolant so as to minimize a temperature gradient between modules of the plurality of modules.
3. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the cells are disposed between the current carrier and the plate such that an exterior side of each of the cells is not in contact with the exterior sides of other cells, the coolant sub-system circulating coolant among and between the cells to provide submerged, substantially even distributed cooling.
4. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein air pockets are formed using channels in a space between the current carrier and the plate that is not occupied by the cells, the air pockets comprising a fluid other than the coolant.
5. The energy-storage system of claim 4 , wherein the coolant flows through each half module along a cylindrical body of a battery cell within the half module.
6. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the modules are arranged in a plurality of strings, each string of the plurality of strings including a plurality of modules.
7. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the coolant flows through the plurality of strings in parallel and the coolant flows within each string of the plurality of strings in parallel.
8. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the coolant comprises at least one of a synthetic oil, ethylene glycol and water, and a liquid dielectric.
9. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein at least two adjacent modules of the plurality of modules are fluidly and electrically coupled to each other.
10. The energy-storage system of claim 1 , wherein the cells are oriented and mounted horizontally in each half module.