Experimental animal behavioral research methods and apparatuses
A method of determining a cognitive state of an experimental animal in a cage is provided. The cage includes one or more walls that enclose a living space for containing the experimental animal, and a heating structure. The method includes installing a card with at least a first type of sequestered olfactory compound, directing the heating structure to selectively heat the card to release the first type of sequestered first type of olfactory compound to subject the experimental animal to a novel olfactory experience, creating a first assessment of a behavior of the laboratory animal, subjecting the experimental animal to experimental procedures and/or waiting a selected amount of time, directing the heating structure to selectively heat the card to release more of the first type of sequestered olfactory compound, creating a second assessment of a behavior of the experimental animal, and evaluating the first and second assessments to determine the cognitive state of the experimental animal.
1. A method of delivering an olfactory stimulus to an experimental animal in a cage, the cage comprising one or more walls that enclose a living space for containing the experimental animal, the method comprising:
installing a card inside the cage, the card comprising at least one volatile-compound-sequestering structure;
assessing at least one of a behavioral metric and a physiological metric of the experimental animal;
determining whether an olfactory stimulus is warranted; and
if the olfactory stimulus is determined to be warranted, directing a heating structure outside the cage to heat the at least one volatile-compound-sequestering structure to release the olfactory stimulus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the step of assessing occurs prior to the step of directing; and
the determination of whether the olfactory stimulus is warranted is based on the assessment.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the step of assessing assesses a position of the experimental animal in the cage; and
the determination of whether the olfactory stimulus is warranted is based on the position of the experimental animal.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the step of assessing occurs after the step of directing.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the cage further comprises an electronic interface section with one or more optical detectors; and
the step of assessing further includes:
observing the experimental animal with the one or more optical detectors to generate a video signal;
processing the video signal to determine an optical flow of the video signal and generate an optical-flow signal; and
analyzing the optical-flow signal to determinate whether an olfactory stimulus is warranted.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the heating structure outside the cage to heat the at least one volatile-compound-sequestering structure comprises directing the heating structure to transmit electromagnetic radiation through at least one of the cage walls and onto the card.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the heating structure outside the cage to heat the at least one volatile-compound-sequestering structure comprises directing the heating structure to transmit infrared radiation through at least one of the cage walls and onto the card.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the heating structure outside the cage to heat the at least one volatile-compound-sequestering structure comprises directing at least one of a two-dimensional array of electromagnetic heating elements adapted to transmit electromagnetic radiation through at least one of the walls of the cage and onto the card.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein installing the card comprises installing the card to be aligned with the heating structure.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein installing the card comprises installing the card inside the cage by mounting the card to at least one of the walls of the cage.