Centrifugal compressor with surge control
A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction, and the impeller is adjustably mounted within the casing along the axial direction between at least a first flow rate position and a second flow rate position. The motor rotates the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with a outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser.
1. A centrifugal compressor adapted to be used in a chiller, the centrifugal compressor comprising:
a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion;
an inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion;
an impeller disposed downstream of the inlet guide vane, the impeller being rotatable about a rotation axis defining an axial direction, the impeller being a closed-face impeller that is closed between a radially inward portion of the impeller that faces the inlet guide vane and through which a fluid enters the impeller and a radially outward edge of the impeller from which the fluid exits the impeller, and the impeller being adjustably mounted within the casing along the axial direction between at least a first flow rate position and a second flow rate position, one of the first and second flow rate positions being a 100% flow rate position and the other of the first and second flow rate positions being a <100% flow rate position that is less open than the 100% flow rate position;
a motor arranged and configured to rotate the impeller; and
a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser,
the radially outward edge of the impeller axially overlapping less of the outlet port in the <100% flow rate position than in the 100% flow rate position.
2. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , further comprising
an impeller axial position control mechanism configured to control adjustment of the impeller between at least the first and second flow rate positions.
3. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 2 , wherein
the impeller is attached to a shaft arranged and configured to be rotated by the motor,
the impeller axial position control mechanism includes a thrust bearing attached to the shaft, and the thrust bearing is adjustably mounted within the casing to move the impeller between at least the first and second flow rate positions.
4. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 3 , wherein
the thrust bearing is a magnetic thrust bearing adjustable by adjusting current flow to the magnetic thrust bearing.
5. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 4 , wherein
the shaft is rotatably supported by a radial magnetic bearing.
6. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 4 , wherein
the impeller axial position control mechanism further includes a controller programmed to control adjustment of the thrust magnetic bearing based on at least one operating parameter of the centrifugal compressor.
7. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 6 , wherein
the at least one operating parameter of the centrifugal compressor includes at least one pressure at an inlet of the impeller and pressure within the diffuser.
8. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 7 , wherein
the at least one operating parameter of the centrifugal compressor includes a difference between pressure at an inlet of the impeller and pressure within the diffuser.
9. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the impeller is adjustably mounted within the casing along the axial direction between an infinite number of flow rate positions.
10. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the diffuser does not include diffuser vanes.
11. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the diffuser does not include adjustable guide vanes.
12. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the inlet guide vane is not adjustable.