Magnetic nanosensor compositions and bioanalytical assays therefor
Disclosed are magnetic nanosensors or transducers that permit measurement of a physical parameter in an analyte via magnetic reasonance measurements, in particular of non-agglomerative assays. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the invention relates to designs of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. Additionally provided are methods of use of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of a stimulus or an analyte with NMR detectors.
1. A method for detection of an analyte in a sample, the method comprising:
(a) providing nanosensors, wherein the nanosensors comprise magnetic nanoparticles linked to a responsive polymer matrix and one or more binding moieties linked thereto, the binding moieties responsive to said analyte or analog thereof;
(b) providing a fluid sample comprising an analyte or an analog thereof and placing the sample and the nanosensors in a container under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to allow the analyte to bind to and compete off the binding moiety from the nanosensor, thereby changing the specific volume of the responsive polymer matrix, leading to a change in one or more relaxivity parameters of the sample in the container;
(c) placing the container in proximity to an NMR detector;
(d) measuring the change in the one or more relaxivity parameters of the sample in the container; and
(e) determining one or more attributes relative to the sample;
wherein the nanoparticle, binding moiety and analyte or analog thereof linked to the nanoparticle are size optimized to confer optimal relaxation measurements.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attribute is selected from the group consisting of presence of the analyte, amount of the analyte, and concentration of the analyte.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a protein, a peptide, a polypeptide, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, an oligonucleotide, a therapeutic agent, a metabolite of a therapeutic agent, RNA, DNA, an antibody, an organism, a virus, a bacteria, a carbohydrate, and a polysaccharide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding moiety comprises an antibody or a conjugated antibody.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid sample is water, saline, buffered saline, or a biological fluid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the biological fluid is blood, a cell homogenate, a tissue homogenate, a cell extract, a tissue extract, a cell suspension, a tissue suspension, milk, urine, saliva, semen, or spinal fluid.