Methods and apparatus for flow restoration
Methods for restoring blood flow in occluded blood vessels using an apparatus having a self-expandable distal segment that is pre-formed to assume a superimposed structure in an unconstrained condition but can be made to take on a volume-reduced form making it possible to introduce it with a microcatheter and a push wire arranged at the proximal end, with the distal segment in its superimposed structure assuming the form of a longitudinally open tube and having a mesh structure of interconnected strings or filaments or struts. In a preferred embodiment, the distal segment has a tapering structure at its proximal end where the strings or filaments or struts converge at a connection point.
1. A removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass, comprising a thrombus at least partially engaged with an apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises:
a self-expandable structure comprising a first plurality of cells, the structure having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end and the distal end being open, and the first plurality of cells being expanded into at least a portion of the thrombus;
a tapering portion comprising a second plurality of cells, the tapering portion disposed toward the proximal end of the structure;
a connection portion, at which the tapering portion converges, located at a proximal end of the tapering portion; and
a push or guide wire, wherein a distal end of the push or guide wire is non-releasably attached at or adjacent to the connection portion,
wherein the apparatus is self-expandable and pre-formed to assume a volume-enlarged form and, in the volume-enlarged form, takes the form of a longitudinally open tube tapering toward the connection portion.
2. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein a mesh size of the second plurality of cells is larger than a mesh size of the first plurality of cells.
3. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 2 , wherein the structure has a distal portion comprising a third plurality of cells distal to the first plurality of cells, the third plurality of cells having a mesh size smaller than the mesh size of the first plurality of cells.
4. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure is heated for a sufficient time to provide increased radial strength.
5. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises fibers.
6. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises one or more pegs and/or hooks.
7. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the structure is coated with an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
8. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 7 , wherein the structure is further coated with a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer to provide for sustained release of the anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
9. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises reservoirs to hold an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
10. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus can take a volume-reduced form, and the structure forms edges and is curled up such that the edges overlap in the volume-reduced form, and wherein in the volume-enlarged form the edges overlap less than in the volume-reduced form.
11. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , further comprising radiopaque markers on the distal end of the structure.
12. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 11 , wherein the radiopaque markers are attached to distal tails at the distal end of the structure.
13. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , further comprising a radiopaque marker at a proximal end of the tapering portion.
14. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , further comprising fibers wrapped or wound around the structure.
15. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the integrated apparatus-thrombus mass is removable by retracting the push or guidewire through a blood vessel.
16. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of cells are embedded within the thrombus.
17. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of cells are implanted into the thrombus.
18. A removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass, comprising a thrombus at least partially engaged with a self-expandable apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises:
a self-expandable structure comprising a first plurality of cells, the structure having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end and the distal end being open, and the first plurality of cells being expanded into and interlocked with at least a portion of the thrombus;
a tapering portion comprising a second plurality of cells, the tapering portion disposed toward the proximal end of the structure; and
a connection member, toward which the tapering portion converges, located at a proximal end of the tapering portion; and
a push or guide wire, and wherein a distal end of the push or guide wire is non-releasably attached to the tapering portion at or adjacent to the connection member,
wherein the self-expandable apparatus is configured to assume a volume-enlarged form and, in the volume-enlarged form, to take the form of a longitudinally open tube; and
wherein the thrombus extends outside of the structure.
19. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein a mesh size of the second plurality of cells is larger than a mesh size of the first plurality of cells.
20. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 19 , wherein the structure has a distal portion comprising a third plurality of cells distal to the first plurality of cells, the third plurality of cells having a mesh size smaller than the mesh size of the first plurality of cells.
21. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the distal end of the structure is heated for a sufficient time to provide increased radial strength.
22. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises fibers.
23. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises one or more pegs and/or hooks.
24. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the structure is coated with an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
25. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 24 , wherein the structure is further coated with a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer to provide for sustained release of the anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
26. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the structure comprises reservoirs to hold an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
27. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the apparatus can take a volume-reduced form, and the structure forms edges and is curled up such that the edges overlap in the volume-reduced form, and wherein in the volume-enlarged form the edges overlap less than in the volume-reduced form.
28. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , further comprising radiopaque markers on the distal end of the structure.
29. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 28 , wherein the radiopaque markers are attached to distal tails at the distal end of the structure.
30. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , further comprising a radiopaque marker at a proximal end of tapering portion.
31. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , further comprising fibers wrapped or wound around the structure.
32. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the integrated apparatus-thrombus mass is removable by retracting the push or guidewire through a blood vessel.
33. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the first plurality of cells are embedded within the thrombus.
34. The removable, integrated apparatus-thrombus mass of claim 18 , wherein the first plurality of cells are implanted into the thrombus.