Morphine formulations
Provided herein, generally, are pharmaceutical formulations, e.g., injectable pharmaceutical formulations with improved stability, comprising morphine sulfate or a hydrate thereof, and methods of producing and using the same. Also provided herein are kits comprising the formulations, e.g., injectable morphine formulations.
1. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:
(a) morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof;
(b) an isotonic agent;
(c) a buffering agent with anti-oxidative properties;
(d) a chelating agent;
(e) a complement to a chelating agent; and
(f) water,
wherein the formulation further comprises a conjugate base to the buffering agent; and wherein the buffering agent is in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of from about 4.5 to about 5.5 to the formulation, and the molar ratio of morphine or salt or hydrate thereof to the buffering agent from about 0.4 to about 1.3.
2. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein, the morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, is selected from anhydrous morphine, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, morphine tartrate, morphine citrate, morphine acetate, morphine methobromide, morphine hydrobromide, morphine hydroiodide, morphine lactate and morphine bitartrate.
3. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, is selected from morphine sulfate pentahydrate or morphine hydrochloride.
4. The formulation of any claim 1 , wherein the isotonic agent is selected from sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate, Ringer's solution, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, glucose, glycerine, dextran, Normosol R, saline, Hartmann's solution, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
5. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the isotonic agent is sodium chloride.
6. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent is a di-carboxylic or tri-carboxylic acid.
7. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent is citric acid, iso citric acid, aconitic acid, trimesic acid, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid or tartaric acid, or hydrates thereof.
8. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent is citric acid.
9. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent forms a buffer comprised of anhydrous citric acid and hydrates thereof and anhydrous sodium citrate and hydrates thereof.
10. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the chelating agent is selected from edetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, N-(hydroxyethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, aminotriacetic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, dimercaptosuccinic acid, dimercaprol, 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, salts and hydrates thereof.
11. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the chelating agent is edetic acid.
12. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the complement to chelating agent is a calcium salt.
13. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein, the formulation provides a unit dose of morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, in a concentration from about 2 mg/mL to about 15 mg/mL.
14. The formulation of claim 1 comprising per mL:
(a) from about 2 mg to about 15 mg of morphine sulfate pentahydrate;
(b) an isotonic agent;
(c) a buffering agent in an amount which provides a molar ratio of morphine sulfate to the buffering agent from about 0.4 to about 1.3 and is in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of 5 to the formulation;
(d) a chelating agent;
(e) a complement to a chelating agent; and
(f) water.
15. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is stable at 80° C. for at least 14 days.
16. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is stable at 40° C./75% Relative Humidity for at least three months.
17. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is stable at 25° C./60% Relative Humidity for at least 12 months.
18. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is stored in a glass or plastic container.
19. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is for injectable administration.
20. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation is for oral administration.
21. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation further comprises a sweetener.
22. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation further comprises a flavoring agent.
23. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the formulation further comprises a colorant.
24. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising:
(a) morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof;
(b) an isotonic agent;
(c) a buffering agent with anti-oxidative properties;
(d) a chelating agent;
(e) a complement to a chelating agent; and
(f) water,
wherein, the formulation provides a unit dose of morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, in a concentration from about 2 mg/mL to about 15 mg/mL, and the molar ratio of morphine or salt or hydrate thereof to the buffering agent from about 0.4 to about 1.3.
25. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein, the morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, is selected from anhydrous morphine, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, morphine tartrate, morphine citrate, morphine acetate, morphine methobromide, morphine hydrobromide, morphine hydroiodide, morphine lactate and morphine bitartrate.
26. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the morphine, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, is selected from morphine sulfate pentahydrate or morphine hydrochloride.
27. The formulation of any claim 24 , wherein the isotonic agent is selected from sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate, Ringer's solution, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, glucose, glycerine, dextran, Normosol R, saline, Hartmann's solution, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
28. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the isotonic agent is sodium chloride.
29. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the buffering agent is a di-carboxylic or tri-carboxylic acid.
30. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the buffering agent is citric acid, iso citric acid, aconitic acid, trimesic acid, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid or tartaric acid, or hydrates thereof.
31. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the buffering agent is citric acid.
32. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation further comprises a conjugate base to the buffering agent.
33. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the buffering agent forms a buffer comprised of anhydrous citric acid and hydrates thereof and anhydrous sodium citrate and hydrates thereof.
34. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the chelating agent is selected from edetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, N-(hydroxyethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, aminotriacetic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, dimercaptosuccinic acid, dimercaprol, 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, salts and hydrates thereof.
35. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the chelating agent is edetic acid.
36. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the complement to chelating agent is a calcium salt.
37. The formulation of claim 24 comprising per mL:
(a) from about 2 mg to about 15 mg of morphine sulfate pentahydrate;
(b) an isotonic agent;
(c) a buffering agent in an amount which provides a molar ratio of morphine sulfate to the buffering agent from about 0.4 to about 1.3 and is in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of 5 to the formulation;
(d) a chelating agent;
(e) a complement to a chelating agent; and
(f) water.
38. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is stable at 80° C. for at least 14 days.
39. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is stable at 40° C./75% Relative Humidity for at least three months.
40. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is stable at 25° C./60% Relative Humidity for at least 12 months.
41. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is stored in a glass or plastic container.
42. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is for injectable administration.
43. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation is for oral administration.
44. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation further comprises a sweetener.
45. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation further comprises a flavoring agent.
46. The formulation of claim 24 , wherein the formulation further comprises a colorant.