Method of making zeolites with hierarchical porosity

1. A process for preparing a hierarchically porous zeolite in the form of crystals having at least the following characteristics:

Si/Al mole ratio of between 1 and 1.4, limits inclusive,

a numerical mean diameter of the crystals of between 0.1 μm and 20 μm, limits inclusive,

controlled and optimal crystallinity, and

mesoporosity such that the mesoporous outer surface area is between 40 m 2 ·g −1 and 400 m 2 ·g −1 the process comprising at least the following steps:

a) preparing a growth gel for synthesizing a zeolite selected from the group consisting of FAU zeolite X, FAU zeolite MSX, FAU zeolite LSX, EMT zeolite; and LTA zeolite, by mixing a source of silica with a source of Al 2 O 3 , at a temperature of between 0° C. and 60° C.,

b) adding to the growth gel of step a) a nucleating agent, at a temperature of between 0° C. and 60° C., wherein the growth gel and the nucleating agent together comprise a reaction medium,

c) adding to the reaction medium at least one structuring agent,

d) carrying out a crystallization reaction by increasing the temperature to achieve the crystallization reaction and obtain zeolite crystals,

e) filtering and washing the zeolite crystals obtained, and

f) drying and calcining.

2. The process according to claim 1 , in which the nucleating agent is a nucleating gel.

3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the amount of nucleating gel added is between 0.1% and 20%, limits inclusive, relative to the weight of the growth gel.

4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the amount of nucleating gel added is between 0.5% and 15% by weight, relative to the weight of the growth gel.

5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleating agent is a crystal.

6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the amount of crystal added is between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of growth gel.

7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the source of silica is sodium silicate and the source of Al 2 O 3 is alumina trihydrate.

8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the structuring agent is an organosilane.

9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the structuring agent is selected from the group consisting of [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-octadecyldimethylammonium chloride, [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]hexadecyl-dimethylammonium chloride, [3-(trinnethoxysilyl)propyl]dodecyldimethylammonium chloride, [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]octylammonium chloride, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl]aniline, 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N′-(4-vinylbenzyl)ethylenediamine, triethoxy-3-(2-imidazolin-1-yl)propylsilane, 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylene-diamine, [3-(diethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, [2-(cyclohexenyl)ethyl]triethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane, and also mixtures of two or more thereof in all proportions.

10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of structuring agent(s) in step c) and the amount of Al 2 O 3 in step a) is such that the structuring agent(s)/ Al 2 O 3 mole ratio is between 0.005 and 0.20, limits inclusive.

11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of structuring agent(s) is such that the structuring agent(s)/starting Al 2 O 3 mole ratio is between 0.01 and 0.15, limits inclusive.