Lithium-containing molding material mixture based on an inorganic binder for producing molds and cores for metal casting
The invention relates to lithium-containing molding material mixtures comprising a refractory main molding material, an inorganic binder, and amorphous silicon dioxide as an additive in the production of molds and cores for metal casting. The invention further relates to a method for producing molds and cores using the molding material mixtures and to molds and cores produced according to the method.
1. A method for preparing a molding material mixture, wherein the molding material mixture is prepared by bringing together at least three of the following components, each of which is provided separate from each another:
component (F) comprising at least a refractory basic molding material and no water glass;
component (B) comprising at least a water glass as inorganic binder wherein the water glass has a [SiO 2 ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 1.90 to 2.47 and does not comprise particulate amorphous SiO 2 and
component (A) comprising at least particulate amorphous SiO 2 as an additive component and no water glass,
wherein the components (A) and (B) together have a [Li 2 O active ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 0.03 to 0.17 wherein
[M 2 O] is the amount of substance in mol of alkali metal M, calculated as M 2 O, wherein the calculation includes only the compounds: amorphous alkali silicates, alkali metal oxides and alkali metal hydroxides, including the hydrates of any included lithium compounds, wherein Li is included as part of M without an activity factor,
[Li 2 O active ] is the amount of substance in mol Li, calculated as Li 2 O, wherein the calculation includes only: amorphous lithium silicates, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, and any hydrates thereof,
[SiO 2 ] is the amount of substance in mol Si, calculated as SiO 2 , wherein the calculation includes only amorphous alkali silicates,
wherein an activity factor enters into the calculation of the molar amount of [Li 2 O active ] as follows:
[Li 2 O active ]=1*amorphous lithium silicates, which are added as constituents of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O, +
1*lithium oxide, which is added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O, +
1*lithium hydroxide, which is added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O +
0.33*amorphous lithium silicates, which are not added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O, +
0.33*lithium oxide, which is not added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O, +
0.33*lithium hydroxide, which is not added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol Li 2 O, in each case including the hydrates thereof,
wherein the component (B) comprises at least one of: lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, amorphous lithium silicate, and any hydrates thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate amorphous SiO 2 has a BET of greater than or equal to 1 m 2 /g.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mean particle diameter, determined by dynamic light scattering, of the particulate amorphous SiO 2 in the molding material mixture is between 0.05 μm and 10 μm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molding material mixture contains the particulate amorphous SiO 2
in quantities of 0.1 to 2 wt. %, based on the basic molding material, and independently thereof
2 to 60 wt. %, based on the weight of the binder, wherein the solids fraction of the binder amounts to 20 to 55 wt. %.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous SiO 2 used has a water content of less than 15 wt. %, and independently thereof is used as a flowable powder.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molding material mixture contains a maximum of 1 wt % organic compounds.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic binder component (B) has a [K 2 O]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 0.03 to 0.25 in the inorganic binder.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the water glass is present in the molding material in an amount of 0.2 to 2.5 wt. % soluble alkali silicates relative to the basic molding material and calculated as the oxides thereof, and/or
the binder has a solids fraction of greater than or equal to 20 wt. % and less than or equal to 55 wt. %, based on the binder.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium compound is added exclusively as a constituent of the inorganic binder.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molding material mixture furthermore contains at least one surfactant.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one surfactant is present in the molding material mixture in a fraction of 0.001 to 1 wt. %, based on the weight of the refractory basic molding material.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the [SiO 2 ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio is from 1.95 to 2.40.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the [Li 2 O active ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio is 0.035 to 0.16.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of amorphous lithium silicates, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, and any hydrates thereof, are present in homogeneous solution in the binder or in homogeneous solution in component (B).
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity [Li 2 O active ] is defined as the amount of substance in mol of Li, calculated as Li 2 O, exclusive of the following compounds: amorphous lithium silicates and/or lithium hydroxide, including the hydrates of any lithium-containing compound.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of: lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, amorphous lithium silicate and the hydrates thereof, are completely and homogeneously dissolved, without precipitate, in an aqueous solvent as a constituent of the lithium containing binder or of component (B).
17. An inorganic binder (B) comprising at least water glass as the inorganic binder and having
a [SiO 2 ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 1.9 to 2.47 in the inorganic binder (B) and
a [Li 2 O active ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.14 in the inorganic binder (B),
wherein
[M 2 O] is the amount of substance in mol of alkali metal M, calculated as [M 2 O], wherein the calculation includes only the compounds: amorphous alkali silicates, alkali metal oxides and alkali metal hydroxides, including the hydrates of any included lithium compounds, wherein Li is included as part of M without an activity factor,
[Li 2 O active ] is the amount of substance in mol Li, calculated as [Li 2 O], wherein only the following compounds enter into the calculation: amorphous lithium silicates, lithium oxides, lithium hydroxide, and any hydrates thereof,
[SiO 2 ] is the amount of substance in mol Si, calculated as [SiO 2 ], wherein only the following compounds enter into the calculation: amorphous alkali silicates, and an activity factor is included in [Li 2 O active ] as follows:
[Li 2 O active ]=1*amorphous lithium silicates, which are added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol [Li 2 O], +
1*lithium oxide, which is added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol [Li 2 O]+
1*lithium hydroxide, which is added as a constituent of the inorganic binder component (B), calculated as mol [Li 2 O],
in each case including the hydrates thereof,
and wherein the lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, amorphous lithium silicate and the hydrates thereof are present in a homogenous solution in the lithium containing binder.
18. The binder of claim 17 , wherein the binder has a [SiO 2 ]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 1.95 to 2.40.
19. The binder of claim 17 , wherein the binder furthermore comprises surfactants.
20. The binder of claim 17 , wherein the binder has a [K 2 O]/[M 2 O] molar ratio of 0.03 to 0.25.
21. A method for preparing casting molds or cores comprising:
the method for preparing the molding material mixture according to claim 1 ,
introducing the molding material mixture into a mold, and
curing the molding material mixture.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the molding material mixture is introduced into the mold by using a core shooting machine operated by compressed air and the mold is a molding tool and the molding tool has one or more gases passing through.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the molding material mixture is exposed to a temperature of at least 100° C. for less than 5 min for curing.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein a gas is passed through the molding material mixture for curing it and said gas has a temperature of 100 to 180° C.